POLLUTION LEVEL OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN VEGETABLES PRODUCED THROUGH IRRIGATION FARMING IN GUDINCIN, JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA

Authors

  • Salome Yamishi Danladi
    Department of Chemistry, Federal University, Dutse
  • Murtala Yakasai Saminu
    Department of Chemistry, Federal University, Dutse
  • Alhaji Adamu Yahaya

Keywords:

Heavy Metals, Irrigation Soil, Tomato, Spinach, Okra, Translocation, Hyperaccumulator

Abstract

The pollution level of Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) in Okra, Spinach and Tomato grown in irrigation system of farming in Gudincin Town, Hadejia LGA of Jigawa State was investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The level of metals in the different parts of the vegetables for Okra, Spinach and Tomato are in the order Zn>Cu>Cr>Cd>Pb, Zn>Cr>Cu>Cd> Pb andZn>Cr>Cu>Cd>Pb respectively.  The data obtained showed the translocation of the metals from the agricultural soil into the vegetables. The concentrations of heavy metals in the irrigated soil are in the order Cr>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd. All the heavy metals in the vegetable samples were found to be within the permissible limit set by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO).The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of the metals for all the samples were greater than unity (>1)with the exception of Cr (0.946), for spinach and Cr (0.883) for tomato. The translocation factor (TF) value of the metals were all >1 for all the samples with the exception of Pb (0.140) in spinach, indicating translocateton of metals to the aerial parts after absorption. According to the data obtained, tomato, spinach and okra may serve as hyperaccumulators for Zn, Cr, Cd and Cu, whereas spinach can serve as excluder for Pd. Based on the data gathered from the research, the pollution levels of the studied metals in the vegetables was low. Therefore, there is no health concern consuming the vegetables from this farm.

Dimensions

Adugna A and Abegaz A (2016). Effect of land use changes on the dynamics of selected soil properties in northeast Wellega, Ethiopia. Soil, 2:63-70

Agrawal, F.M. Marshall, Singh A., SharmaR.K (2010). Health risk assessment of heavy metals via dietary intake of foodstuff from wastewater irrigated site of a dry tropical area of India. Food. Chem.,Toxicol48 (2).pp.611-619.

Alghobar M.A, Suresha Sb (2017). Evaluation of metal accumulation in soil and tomato irrigated with sewage water from Mysore city, Karnataka, Indian.J Saudi.Soc Agric. 16;49- 59.

Al-Khateeb, S.A. and A.A. Leilah, (2005). Heavy metals accumulation in the natural vegetation of Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. J. Biol. Sci., 5: 707-712.

Atarfar,Z.,Mesdaghinia,A.R.,Nouri,J.,Homaea,M.,Yunesian,M.,Ahmadimoghaddam, M.andMahvi, A. H.(2010). Effect of fertilizer application on soil heavy metals concentration. Envirmental monitory Assesment. 160(1-4):83-96toxicity. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 18: 1893-1906.

Baker, A.J.M. and R.R. Brooks, (1989). Terrestrial higher plants which hyper accumulate metallic elements-a review of their distribution, ecology and phytochemistry. Biorecovery, 1:81-126.

Balkhair, K.S. and Ashraf, M.A. (2016). Field Accumulation Risks of Heavy metals in soil and Vegetable Crop irrigated with Sewage water in Western Region of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 23, S32-S44.

Botta, G.Iarmarcovai, F.Chaspoul, I. Sari-Minodier, J. Pompili, T. Orsiere, M. De Meo. (2006).Assesment of occupational exposure to welding fumes by inductively coplasma-mass spectroscopy and by alkaline comet assay. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 47 (4), pp.284-295.

Eissa, M.A., Suzie, M., Reichman, S.M . (2016). Production of the forage halophyte Atriplex amnicola in metal-contaminated soils. Soil Use and Management. 32, 350-356.

FAO/WHO food standards programme Codex Alimentarius commission,(2007),104p.40. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, 3 rd edition. World health organization, 2008,668

Garba, S.T., Santuraki, A.H. and Barminas, J.T. (2011). EDTA Assisted Uptake, Accumulation and Translocation of The Metals: Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. Jornal of American Science.7(11):151-159.

Gomes A.M.C., Rachel A.H., Marina Satika S.., and Angela Pierre V. (2017). Plant Chromium uptake and Transport, physiological effects and recent advances in molecular investigations. Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety 140 55-64.

Humberto A, Paula M, Butler B, Matus F,Yakov K.(2020). Meta- analysis of heavy metal effects on soil enzyme activities. Sci.Total Environ. (2020), Article 139744,10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.13944.

Kanwar, J. S. and Sanuha, M. S. (2000). Waste water pollution injury to vegetable crops, a review. Agric. Review., 21(2):133-13.

Keane, B., M.H. Collier, J.R. Shann and S.H. Rogstad, (2001). Metal content of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) leaves in relation to soil contamination and airborne particulate matter.Sci. Total Environ., 281: 63-78.

Khan S., Hesham A.E.L., Qiao M., Rehman S., He J.Z. (2010). Effects of Cd and Pb on soil microbial community structure and activities. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.17:288296. doi: 10.1007/s11356-009-0134-4.

Khan, S.Q., Zheng, Y.M., Huang, Y.Z., Zhu, Y.G. (2008). Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China. Environ. Pollution. 1523, 686-692.

Kisku, G. C., Barman, S. C. and Shargava, S. K. (2000). Contamination of Soil and plants withPTEirrigated with mixed industrial effluent and its impact on the environment. Water,Air and SoilPollution, 120: 121 137.

Kumar A., Prasad M.N.V. (2018). Plant lead interactions: transport, toxicity, tolerance and detoxification mechanisms. Ecotoxicl. Environ.saf.166 401-418.

Liu, W. H., J. Z. Zhan. Z. Y. Ouyang, L. Soderlund and G. H. Liu (2009). Accumulation and translocation of toxic heavy metals in winter wheat growing in agricultural soil. China. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol., 82:343-347.

Manuel P., Marco V., Daniele S., Giuseppe R., Patricia F., Diego B., Etore F., Gabriel A., and Jose R. (2021). A comparative analysis of soil sampling methods in precision agriculture. https://doi.org/10.4081/jae.1117

Nas S Farouk and Ali Mohammad. (2018). The effect of lead on plants in terms of growing and biochemical parameters:a review https://doi.org/10.15406/mjes.2018.03.00098

Noler,B.N.,Mayes,T.L.,Raite,U.Y.andSail,S.S.(2006).QualityAssessmentof Contamination of Water and Air with Heavy metals. African Journal of Biotechnology,8: 67-

Noppadol S., and Patra Manomita.,Niladri Bhowmik.,Buibul Bandopadhyay andArchana Sharma(2004). Comparisn of mercury, lead and arsenic with respect to genotoxic effects on plant systems and developing of genetic tolerance. Environmental and Experimental Botany 52, pp. 119- 223.

PiechalakA., BarbaraT., and ArletaM. (2002).Accumulation and detoxification of lead ions in legumes.Phytochemistry.60(2):153-162.

Rattan, R.K., Datta, S.P., Chhonkar, P.K., Suribabua, K., Singh, A.K. (2005). Long-term impact of irrigation with sewage effluents on heavy metal content in soils, crops and groundwater-A case study. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environ. 109, 310-32

Riceman and Jones, (1958). Distribution of dry weight of Zinc and Copper among individual leaves of seedling of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L) grown in complete culture solution and in a culture solution deficient in Zinc.Ibid 9:730-744.

Sajida, P., Samad, A., Nazif, W. and Shah, S. (2012). Impact of sewage water on vegetables quality with respect to heavy metals in Peshawar Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot., 44(6): 1923-1931.

SardarK., Shafaqat A., Samra H., Sana A., Samar F., Mohammad B.S., Saima A.B., and Hafiz M.T.(2013).Heavy metals contamination and their impacts on living organisms. Greener Journal of Environmental management and public safety 2 (4), 172-179.

Sharma S, Nagpal A, Kaur I. (2018). Heavy metals contaminaton in soil, food crops and associated health risk. Indian and it environs. Food Chem.255;15-22.

Singh, A., Sharma, R.K., Agrawal, M., andMarshall, F.M. (2010). Health risk assessment of heavy metals via dietary intake of foodstuffs from the wastewater irrigated site of a dry tropical area of India. Food Chem. Toxicol. 482, 611- 619.

Wang, A.D., Angle, J. S., Chaney, R.L., Delorme, T.A. and Reeves, R.D. (2006). Soil pH effects on uptake of Cd and Zn by Thlaspi caerulescens

Wang, H., Shan, X., Wen, B., Owens, G., Fang, J. and Zhang, S. (2007). Effect of indole-3- acetic acid on lead accumulation in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings and the relevant antioxidant response. Environ Exp Bot. 61(3):246253.

Wang, X., Zhou, S. and Wu, S. (2016). Accumulation of heavy metals in different parts of wheat plant from the Yangtze River Delta, China. International journal of agricultural Biology.,18:1242-1248.

WHO/FAO. (2007). Joint FAO/WHO Food Standard Programme Codex Alimentarius Commission 13th Session. Report of the Thirty Eight Session of the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene, Houston, United States of America.

Zeng X.B., Lian F.Li., and Xurong M. (2007). Heavy metal content in soils of vegetables-growing lands in China and source analysis.40(11): 2507-2517

Published

28-02-2025

How to Cite

POLLUTION LEVEL OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN VEGETABLES PRODUCED THROUGH IRRIGATION FARMING IN GUDINCIN, JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA. (2025). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 9(2), 186-192. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-0902-3155

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): FUDMA Journal of Sciences - Vol. 9 No. 2

Section

Research Articles
Copyright & Licensing

FUDMA Journal of Sciences

How to Cite

POLLUTION LEVEL OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN VEGETABLES PRODUCED THROUGH IRRIGATION FARMING IN GUDINCIN, JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA. (2025). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 9(2), 186-192. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-0902-3155