COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE SYNTHESES OF CARBON NANOMATERIALS USING POLYETHYLENE AND RISK HUSK AS CARBON PRECURSOR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0403-315Keywords:
Carbon nanostructures, Raman, Rice Husk, Polyethylene, Silicon Substrate.Abstract
The study compares the syntheses of carbon nanostructures (CNS) using polyethylene (PE) and Rice husk (RH) as carbon precursor via commercial microwave oven at 2.45 GHz. The Microwave energy offers the requisite temperature for catalytic disintegration of the carbon precursors at 750 °C under atmospheric pressure. The CNS were grown on coated silicon dioxide. The as-synthesized CNS was analysed with Raman spectroscopy which shows carbon quality was found to be 0.92 and 1.01 in PE and RH respectively, indicating good graphitic nature with average diameter at (16.0 to 20.0) ± 0.5 nm. The high intensity ratio is attributed to the defect mode in the CNS. The Field Emission Scanning Microscope (FESEM) analysis shows a warped and randomly oriented structures with an interlayer spacing of about 0.35 nm in the internal structure of most CNS. Furthermore, the level of purity in the graphitic nature of the CNS were obtained with Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) technique with 90 % in PE and 50 % in RH. Hence, a fast and cheaper method of synthesizing CNS utilizing microwave energy was demonstrated at 750 °C under atmospheric pressure. Lastly, the presence of catalyst, carbon precursors and plasma are necessary for the microwave heating and synthesis process.
References
A. A. Biu, M. I. Ahmed and A. I. Yunus (2016). Prevalence of Equine Babesiosis in Maiduguri, Nigeria International Journal of Biomedical and Health Sciences Vol 2 No 2
Adamu, S., Adebayo, I.T., Useh, N.M., Bisalla, M., Sambo, S. J. and Esievo K.A.N. (2007).Chemical analysis of urinary constituents in Cattle presented for slaughter at Zaria abattoir: Veterinary Research, 1: 57 – 60.
Ademola I.O., Fagbemi B.O., Idowu S.O.2004. Evaluation of the anthelmintic activity of Khaya senegalensis extract against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep: in-vtro and in-vivo studies. Veterinary Parasitology 122: 151–164
Babul, J and Stellwajen(1969). Measurement of protein concentration with interferences optics. Anal Biochemistry 4; 28(1):216-21
Bukar, M.M. Sadiq M.A. and Geidam, Y.A. (2007). A survey of cutaneous neoplasms among horses used for cultural festivals in Borno State, Nigeria. Nigerian Veterinary Journal 28:27-33
Bull (2001). Recommendations for reference method for the packed cell volume (ICSH Standard) Laboratory Haematology 7 (3) 148-170
Coles, E.H. (1986). Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 4thed. pp. 374–400. W.B.Saunders, Comp.
David, O. Ehizibolo1, Joshua, kamani, Peter, O. Ehizibolo, Kinsley, O. Egwu, Goni, I. Dogo and Josiah O. Salami-shinaba (2012).Prevalence and Significance of Parasites of Horses in Some States of Northern Nigeria. Journal of Equine Science, Vol. 23, 1 – 4
Ehizibolo, D.O., Gusi, A.M., Ehizibolo, P.O., Mbuk, E.U., and Ocholi, R.A.( 2011). Brucellosis in horse stables in two northern states of Nigeria. Journal of Equine Science. 22: 17–19
Esievo, K. A. N. and Saror, D. I. (1983). Leukocytes Response in in Experimental Trypanosoma vivax Infection in Cattle. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 93: 165 – 169.
Fleming, M.W. (1997). Cortisol as an indicator of severity of parasitic infections of Haemonchus contortus in lambs (Ovis aries).Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Vol 116 Pp 41-44
Gelfard, J.A. (1995). Babesiosis. In: Mandell, E.L.; Bennett, J.E.; Dolin, R. (Eds.). Principles and practice of infectious diseases. 4th ed. Churchill Livingstone, New York, 58: 1-8.
Levine, R.A. Hart, A.H. and Wardlaw, S.C. (1986). Quantitative Buffy Coat Analysis of Blood Collected From Dogs, Cats, and Horse. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 189(6) 670-3
Losos, G.J. (1986). Infectious tropical diseases of domestic animals. Longman Scientific and Technical Group, pp. 3-9.
Piyush G. Dodiya, J.S. Patel, Vijay L. Parmar, Amit Prasad, K.K. Murabiya, D.V. Vaghela and P. B. Patel(2016).Prevalance of equine piroplasmosis in and around saurshtra region in horses. International Journal of Science, Environment and technology vol 5: 3
Saror, D.I. (1976). Haematological values in Nigerian part-Arab Stallions. Veterinary Records 99: 397–398.
Schein, E. (1988). Equine babesiosis In: Ristic, M. (ed.). Babesiosis of domestic animals and man. CRC Press, Florida, pp. 198-208
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
