DEVELOPMENT OF FILLER FROM LOKOJA BENTONITE CLAY FOR APPLICATION IN THE PRODUCTION OF PLASTER OF PARIS (POP)

  • Habibu Uthman Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
  • Dirisu Abraham Danjuma Federal University of Technology Minna
Keywords: Bentonite clay, Plaster of Paris, Compressive strength, Flexural strength, Water absorption, Setting time

Abstract

This research aimed at enhancing the production of plaster of Paris (POP). Compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, density and setting time tests were carried out on these samples. The Bentonite clay collected from the Lokoja mining site were processed and characterized with the sample on the average having compressive strength of up to 0.000148 N/mm2, 0.000284 N/mm2 and 0.000385 N/mm2, flexural strength of 0.7 N/mm2, water absorption of 0.46–0.60%, 1.00–1.43% and 1.43–2.08% setting time of 15 minutes and 58 seconds. The compressive strength test results reveal a positive progression in strength over the curing period, with developed plaster of Paris (DPOP) consistently outperformed commercial plaster of Paris (CPOP). The flexural test demonstrates DPOP superior resistance to bending stresses, providing insights into its potential applications in construction industries. The water absorption test, conducted at varying calcination temperatures and times, elucidates the material's porosity/absorbency characteristics, offering valuable information for applications where resistance to moisture is critical. The setting time test results provide crucial data on the workability and usability of the plaster, indicating that DPOP exhibits a slightly longer final setting time compared to CPOP. Properties obtained from the characterized DPOP revealed that sample collected from the Lokoja mining site and well processed can replace CPOP in the market because of their outstanding properties which exceeded CPOP. This approach utilized in the development of POP from locally sourced bentonite clay emphasizes its potential for various applications.

References

Abou-El-Sherbini, K. S., Elzahany, E. A. M., Wahba, M. A., Drweesh, S. A., and Youssef N. S. (2017). Evaluation of some intercalation methods of dimethylsulphoxide onto HCl-treated and untreated Egyptian kaolinite. Applied Clay Science, 137, 3342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.12.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.12.005

Afolabi, R.O., Orodu, D. O., and Efeovbokhan, V. E. (2017). Properties and application of Nigerian bentonite clay deposits for drilling mud formulation: Recent advances and future prospects. Applied Clay Science, 143, 3949. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.03.009

Ahmed A.S, Salahudeen, N., Ajinomoh, C.S., Hamza, H., and Ohikere, A. (2012). Studies on the Mineral and Chemical Characteristics of Pindiga Bentonitic Clay. Petroleum Technology Development Journal, (ISSN 1595-9104). 1(1), 5663.

Ahonen, L., Korkeakoski, P., Tiljander, M., Kivikoski, H., and Rainer L. (2008). Quality Assurance of the Bentonite Material. POSIVA OY Working Report 33.

Aigbedion, I., and Iyayi, S.E. (2007). Formation evaluation of Oshioka field using geophysical well logs. Middle-East Journal of Science Resources, 2(4), 107110.

Akinnifesi, J. O., and Ogunbodede, R. O. (2012). Property optimization in synthetic production of plaster of paris for use as dental material. The Nigerian Journal of Research and Production. 20(1), 19.

Akinwumi, A., and Funso, A. (2015). Experimental investigation of the use of local clay (Abbi, Delta State, Nigeria) as a substitute for foreign imported bentonite clay in the formulation of aqua base drilling fluid. International Journal of Science Engineering Research, 6(6), 11381143.

Anderson, R., and Williams, S. (2023). Manufacturing Process of Plaster of Paris: Purification and Dehydration of Gypsum. Industrial Chemistry Journal, 56(4), 789802.

Anderson, J.N. (1976). Applied dental materials Blackwell scientific publications. Oxford 5th Ed. Pp. 190201.

Apugo-Nwosu, T.U., Mohammed-Dabo, I.A., Ahmed, A.S., Abubakar, G., Alkali, A.S., and Ayilara, S.I. (2011). Studies on the Suitability of Ubakala Bentonitic Clay for Oil Well Drilling Mud Formation. British Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 1(4),152171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2011/407

Benson, C. H., and Daniel, D. E. (2000). Bentonite clay liners for waste containment facilities. Environmental Geotechnics, 1(2), 31-47.

Bilal, S., Mohammed-Dabo, L.A., Dewu, B.B., Momoh, O.R., Funtua, I.I., Oladipo, M.O., and Tukur, M. (2015). Effect of quartz (free silica) removal on the quality of Nigerian bentonitic clays for application in drilling fluid formulation. Journal of Experimental Research, 3(2), 96101.

Brown, A., Jones, B., and Williams, C. (2019). Mechanisms of Bassanite-to-Gypsum Transformation: Insights into Material Properties. Journal of Materials Science, 44(7), 12341246.

Christidis, G., Scott, P.W., and Dunham, A.C. (1997). Acid activation and bleaching capacity of bentonites from the islands of Milos and Chios Aegean, Greece. Applied clay science, 12(4), 329347. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1317(97)00017-3

Cieschi, M. T., Pesenti, M., and Bonifacio, E. (2020). Effect of bentonite and zeolite on soil properties and plant growth in an alkaline-sodic soil from a Mediterranean area. Geoderma Regional, 21, e00293.

Daniel, D. E., and Koerner, R. M. (2007). Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) for waste containment facilities. Geosynthetics International, 14(3), 181276.

Duane, B., Ramasubbu, D., Harford, S., Steinbach, I., Stancliffe, R., Croasdale, K., and Pasdeki-Clewer, E. (2019). Environmental sustainability and procurement: purchasing products for the dental setting. British dental journal, 226(6), 453458. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-019-0080-6

Garcia, E., Newfang, D., Coyle, J.P., Blake, C.L., Spencer, J.W., Burrelli, L.G., Johnson, G.T., and Haarbison, R.D. (2018). Evaluation of airborne asbestos exposure from routine handling of asbestos containing wire gauze pads in the research laboratory. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 18(1), 135 141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.04.020

Hassanpour, M., Zoveidavianpoor, M., and Moosavi, A. (2017). Bentonite drilling mud: formulation and characterization. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 157, 130138.

Holtzer, M., Bobrowski, A., and Grabowska, B. (2011). Montmorillonite: A Comparison of Methods for its Determination in Foundry Bentonites. Metabk, 50(2):119122.

IS 1290 (1973). Specification for mineral gypsum (bureau of Indian standards) New Delhi, India.

James O. O., Adediran, M. M., Adekola, F. A., Odebunmi, E. O., and Adekeye, J. I. D. (2008). Beneficiation and Characterisation of a Bentonite from North-Eastern Nigeria. Journal of the North Carolina Academy of Science, 124(4):154158.

Kooli, F., and Kentache, F. (2019). Use of bentonite in treatment of wastewater through batch process. Environmental Engineering Research, 24(4), 525530.

Lima, P. A., Anglica, R., and Neves, R. (2017). Dissolution kinetics of Amazonian metakaolin in hydrochloric acid. Clay Minerals, 52(1), 7582. https://doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2017.052.1.05 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2017.052.1.05

Luus, K. (2007). "Asbestos: Mining exposure, health effects and policy implications". McGill Journal of Medicine, 10(2),121126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26443/mjm.v10i2.453

Jamo, H. U., and Abdu, S. G. (2014). Structural analysis and surface morphology kaolin. Science World Journal, 9(3), 3337.

Maiva, E. S., Aji, I. S., and Mshelia Z. A. (2024). 'Development and Characterization of Plaster of Paris (POP) from Gypsum Deposits of Fika (Kwarri)-Yobe State, Nigeria by Calcination Process'. ARCN International Journal of Development, 8(1), 93103.

Murray, H. H. (2007). Applied clay mineralogy. Occurrences, processing and application of kaolins, bentonite, palygor skite-seiolite, and common clays. Applied clay mineralogy, 33(39), 85108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1572-4352(06)02003-4

Mullick, A. (1999). Measuring Universal Design: Case of the Bathroom'. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 43(8), 557562. https://doi.org/10.1177/154193129904300802. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/154193129904300802

Ngaaje, N.N. (2021). '' Physico-mechanical properties of plaster of Paris (Gypsum plaster) reinforced with paper pulp''. European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, 6(1),124132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2021.6.1.2315

Nweke, O.M. (2015). Evaluating the suitability of clays from Abakaliki Area, Southeastern Nigeria for oil industrial application using geotechnical and rheological properties. Science Innovation, 3 (2):2231. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.si.20150302.11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.20150302.11

Nweke, O.M., Igwe, E.O., and Nnabo, P.N., (2015). Comparative evaluation of clays from Abakaliki formation with commercial bentonite clays for use as drilling mud. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 9 (6):508518. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJEST2015.1904. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJEST2015.1904

Odom, I.E. (1984). ''Smectite clay minerals: properties and uses''. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 311, 391409. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1984.0036

Olatunde, A.O., Usman, M.A., Olafadehan, O.A., Adeosun, T.A., and Ufot, O.E. (2012). Improvement of rheological properties of drilling fluids using locally based materials. Petrol. Coal, 54 (1), 6575.

Omole, O., Adeleye, J.O., Falode, O., Malomo, S., and Oyedeji, O.A. (2013). Investigation into the rheological and filtration properties of drilling mud formulated with clays from Northern Nigeria. Journal of Petroleum Gas Engineering, 4 (1), 113

Oriji, A.B., Lawal, F.S., and Bala, Z. (2014). Evaluating the efficiency of Nigerian local bentonite as an extender in oil well cementation. Chemical Process Engineering Resources, 28, 7888.

Palieeti, F., Malinconico, S., Staffa, B.C.D., Bellagamba, S., and Simone, P.D. (2016). Classification and management of asbestos containing waste: European Legislation and the Italian experience. Waste Management. Vol. 50, pp. 140150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.02.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.02.014

Patterson, S.H., Murray, H.H. (1983). Clays. In: Lefond, S.J. Ed., Industrial Minerals and Rocks. Am. Inst. Mining Engineers, New York, pp. 519585.

Robert, U. W., Etuk, S. E., Agbasi, O. E., Ekong, S. A., Abdulrazzaq, Z. T., and Anonaba, A. U. (2021). Investigation of thermal and strength properties of composite panels fabricated with plaster of Paris for insulation in buildings. International Journal of Thermophysics, 42, 118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-020-02780-y

Shiyo, S., Nagels, J. and Shangali, H. G. (2020). Recycling of plaster of Paris. African Journal of Disability, 9, pp. 19. https://doi.org/10.4102/AJOD.V9I0.503. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v9i0.503

Smith, J., Johnson, A., & Brown, L. (2023). Recent Advances in Plaster of Paris Manufacturing Journal of Materials Science, 45(7), 12341246.

Smith, J., & Johnson, A. (2023). The Historical Use of Gypsum-Based Stucco in Architecture. Architectural History Journal, 60(4), 543556.

Smith, J., & Johnson, A. (2023a). The Historical Origins and Production of Plaster of Paris. Archaeological Journal, 38(2), 245260.

Smith, J., & Johnson, A. (2023b). The Historical Origins of Plaster of Paris. Art History Review, 42(3), 321-335.

Srasra, E., Bergaya, F., van Damme, H., and Arguib, N.K. (1989). Surface properties of an activated bentonitedecolourization of rape-seed oil. Applied Clay Science, 4, 411421. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-1317(89)90019-7

Souci, Y. O., & Houat, S. (2018). Numerical study of building materials filled by PCM for thermal energy storage, ptanyag. Journal of Silicate Based and Composite Material. Vol. 70, No. 4, pp. 123127. https://doi.org/10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2018.23 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2018.23

Sullivan, M. G. (2019). Plaister of Paris is [] a production of Derbyshire: practical geology and the plaster revolution in British sculptors workshops. 17451845. Sculpture Journal, 28(3), 299314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3828/sj.2019.28.3.3

Taylor, R., and Anderson, C. (2007). Bentonite in foundry industry. In R. S. K. and C. H. M. and W. H. McLean (Ed.), Clays and clay minerals in natural and synthetic systems. Geological Society of America.

Tijen, S. (2010). Purification and Modification of Bentonite and its use in Polypropylene and Linear Low Density Polyethylene Matrix Nanocomposites. A PhD thesis submitted to the Chemical Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University.

Trauger R.L. (1994). ''The Structure, Properties and Analysis of Bentonite in Geosynthetic Clay Liners. Geosynthetic Resins, Formulation and Manufacturing''. Proceedings of 8th GRI Conference.

Williams L. B. Haydel S. E. Giese Jr R. F. and Eberl, D. D. (2017). Chemical and mineralogical characteristics of French green clays used for healing. Clays and Clay Minerals, 55(4), 402416.

Washburn, B. E., Cooper, D. M., Hulet, R. M., and Ayorinde, F. O. (2015). Bentonite cat litter behaviour compared with other litter types. Journal of Animal Science, 93(2), 577585.

Yahaya, S., Jikan S.S., Badarulzaman, N.A., and Adamu A.D. (2017). Chemical composition and particle size analysis of kaolin. Traektori Nauki= Path of Science, 3(10), 10011004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22178/pos.27-1

Published
2025-06-10
How to Cite
Uthman, H., & Danjuma, D. A. (2025). DEVELOPMENT OF FILLER FROM LOKOJA BENTONITE CLAY FOR APPLICATION IN THE PRODUCTION OF PLASTER OF PARIS (POP). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 9(6), 1 - 9. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-0906-2979