CURRENT INCIDENCE OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT BACTERIA OF UROLOGIC BACTERIA FROM PATIENTS WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION AT A HEALTHCARE FACILITY IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA.

Authors

  • Ayodele Oluwaseun Ajayi
    Department of Microbiology, Federal University Oye Ekiti
  • Opeyemi Sarah Akoledowo
  • Adedoyin Comfort Adegbite
  • Ezekiel Busayo Ogunduboye
  • O. Z. Yakub
  • O. A. Balogun

Keywords:

Antibiotic, Multidrug resistance, Antibiotic resistance, Uropathogens

Abstract

Uropathogenic bacteria are known to be significant pathogens responsible for urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTIs are among the most prevalent infectious diseases, affecting millions of people worldwide, and are a significant healthcare burden. The study determined the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of uropathogenic bacterial isolates obtained from UTIs at a study location in Ekiti-State, Nigeria. Fifty Gram-negative (8 E. coli, 25 K. pneumoniae and 17 P. aeruginosa) and 6 Gram-positive (6 S. aureus) bacterial isolates were obtained from patients referred to the laboratory. Each isolate was identified accordingly using conventional biochemical test. All bacteria recovered were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests using the agar disk diffusion method. The bacteria were further tested presumptively for the formation of biofilms. All the Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ceftazidime 50(100.0%). Furthermore, the Gram-negative bacteria showed the least resistance to chloramphenicol 17(34%) and ciprofloxine 23(46%). All the S. aureus strains showed elevated resistance against the antibiotics tested. Thirty five multiple antibiotic resistance patterns were observed among the isolates and the most prominent patterns were observed as Crx-Van-Ctr-Ctx-Cpz-Tet-Gen-Mem-Cot-Amk, Crx-Van-Ctr-Ctx-Cpz-Tet-Cot-Gen-Mem-Cip-Amk and Crx-Van-Chl-Ctr-Ctx-Cpz-Tet-Cot-Gen-Mem-Cip-Amk. The research has shown that multidrug resistant bacteria in UTI is a serious healthcare problem and efforts must be made to enforce strict antibiotic treatment regimen to prevent the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria in clinical settings.

Dimensions

Ahmed, M., Moremi, N., Mirambo, M.M. et al. Multi-resistant gram negative enteric bacteria causing urinary tract infection among malnourished underfives admitted at a tertiary hospital, northwestern, Tanzania. Ital J Pediatr 41, 44 (2015).

Ahmed, S. S., Shariq, A., Alsalloom, A. A., Babikir, I. H., and Alhomoud, B. N. (2019). Uropathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns: Relationship with urinary tract infections. International Journal of Health Sciences, 13(2), 48.

Balouiri, M., Sadiki, M., and Ibnsouda, S.K (2016). Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. 6: 71-79.

Bassetti, M., Righi, E., Carnelutti, A., Graziano, E., and Russo, A. (2018). Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: challenges for treatment, prevention and infection control. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 16(10), 749-761.

Bitew, A., Zena, N., and Abdeta, A. (2022). Bacterial and fungal profile, antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial pathogens and associated risk factors of urinary tract infection among symptomatic pediatrics patients attending St. Pauls Hospital Millennium Medical College: a cross-sectional study. Infection and Drug Resistance, 1613-1624.

Cappuccino, J. G., and Sherman, N. (2019). Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual. Pearson. 12: 123-134.

Clegg, S., and Murphy, C. N. (2017). Epidemiology and virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Urinary Tract Infections: Molecular Pathogenesis and Clinical Management, 435-457.

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2017). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. CLSI Supplement M100. Wayne, PA.

Cox, J. A., Vlieghe, E., Mendelson, M., Wertheim, H., Ndegwa, L., Villegas, M. V., and Hara, G. L. (2017). Antibiotic stewardship in low-and middle-income countries: the same but different?. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 23(11), 812-818.

Debnath, J., Das, P. K., Debnath, M., and Haldar, K. K. (2014). Aetiological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in patients with urinary tract infection in Tripura. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR, 8(8), 01.

Delcaru, C., Alexandru, I., Podgoreanu, P., Grosu, M., Stavropoulos, E., Chifiriuc, M. C., & Lazar, V. (2016). Microbial Biofilms in Urinary Tract Infections and Prostatitis: Etiology, Pathogenicity, and Combating strategies. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 5(4), 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens5040065

Flores-Mireles, A. L., Walker, J. N., Caparon, M., and Hultgren, S. J. (2015). Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nature Review Microbiology, 13(5), 269-284.

Gandra, S., Barter, D. M., and Laxminarayan, R. (2014). Economic burden of antibiotic resistance: how much do we really know?. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 20(10), 973-980.

Haque, M., Sartelli, M., McKimm, J., and Bakar, M. A. (2018). Health care-associated infections an overview. Infection and Drug Resistance, 2321-2333.

John W. Newman, Rachel V. Floyd, Joanne L. Fothergill, The contribution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors and host factors in the establishment of urinary tract infections, FEMS Microbiology Letters, Volume 364, Issue 15, August 2017, fnx124, https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnx124

Khan D., Leimkuhler C., Lu W. and Walsh C. (2019). Glycopeptide and lipoglycopeptide antibiotics. Chem. Rev. 105: 425-448.

Kulkarni, S. R., Peerapur, B. V., and Sailesh, K. S. (2017). Isolation and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli from urinary tract infections in a tertiary care hospital of North Eastern Karnataka. Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine, 8(2), 176.

Lerminiaux, N. A., and Cameron, A. D. (2019). Horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in clinical environments. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 65(1), 34-44.

Majumder, M. M. I., Mahadi, A. R., Ahmed, T., Ahmed, M., Uddin, M. N., and Alam, M. Z. (2022). Antibiotic resistance pattern of microorganisms causing urinary tract infection: a 10-year comparative analysis in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 11(1), 156.

Mark, D. G., Hung, Y. Y., Salim, Z., Tarlton, N. J., Torres, E., & Frazee, B. W. (2021). Third-Generation Cephalosporin Resistance and Associated Discordant Antibiotic Treatment in Emergency Department Febrile Urinary Tract Infections. Annals of emergency medicine, 78(3), 357369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.01.003

Meletis G. (2016). Carbapenem resistance: overview of the problem and future perspectives. Therapeutic advances in infectious disease, 3(1), 1521. https://doi.org/10.1177/2049936115621709

Mohd-Asri, N. A., Ahmad, S., Mohamud, R., Mohd-Hanafi, N., Mohd-Zaidi, N. F., Irekeola, A. A., and Yusof, N. Y. (2021). Global prevalence of nosocomial multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Antibiotics, 10(12), 1508.

Munita, J. M., and Arias, C. A. (2016). Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogens, 481-511.

Nicolle, L. E., Gupta, K., Bradley, S. F., Colgan, R., DeMuri, G. P., Drekonja, D., and Siemieniuk, R. (2019). Clinical practice guideline for the management of asymptomatic bacteriuria: 2019 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 68(10), 83-110.

Pacifici, G. M. (2018). Management of typhoid fever and bacterial meningitis by chloramphenicol in infants and children. International Journal of Pediatrics, 6(1), 6783-6808.

Paczosa, M. K., and Mecsas, J. (2016). Klebsiellapneumoniae: going on the offense with a strong defense. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 80(3), 629-661.

Prestinaci, F., Pezzotti, P., and Pantosti, A. (2015). Antimicrobial resistance: a global multifaceted phenomenon. Pathogens and Global Health, 109(7), 309-318.

Ramrez-Castillo, F. Y., Moreno-Flores, A. C., Avelar-Gonzlez, F. J., Mrquez-Daz, F., Harel, J., and Guerrero-Barrera, A. L. (2018). An evaluation of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in urinary tract infections from Aguascalientes, Mexico: cross-sectional study. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 17, 1-13.

Said, A., El-Gamal, M. S., Abu-Elghait, M., and Salem, S. S. (2021). Isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of urinary tract infection bacterial isolates. Lett. Appl. NanoBioSci, 10, 2820-2830.

Sharef, S. W., El-Naggari, M., Al-Nabhani, D., Al Sawai, A., Al Muharrmi, Z., and Elnour, I. (2015). Incidence of antibiotics resistance among uropathogens in Omani children presenting with a single episode of urinary tract infection. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 8(5), 458-465.

Shrivastava, S. R., Shrivastava, P. S., and Ramasamy, J. (2018). World health organization releases global priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to guide research, discovery, and development of new antibiotics. Journal of Medical Society, 32(1), 76-77.

Smelov, V., Naber, K., and Johansen, T. E. B. (2016). Improved classification of urinary tract infection: future considerations. European Urology Supplements, 15(4), 71-80.

Trautner, B. W., & Darouiche, R. O. (2004). Role of biofilm in catheter-associated urinary tract infection. American journal of infection control, 32(3), 177183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2003.08.005

Published

31-03-2025

How to Cite

CURRENT INCIDENCE OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT BACTERIA OF UROLOGIC BACTERIA FROM PATIENTS WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION AT A HEALTHCARE FACILITY IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA. (2025). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 9(3), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-0903-2871

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): FUDMA Journal of Sciences - Vol. 9 No. 3

Section

Research Articles
Copyright & Licensing

FUDMA Journal of Sciences

How to Cite

CURRENT INCIDENCE OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT BACTERIA OF UROLOGIC BACTERIA FROM PATIENTS WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION AT A HEALTHCARE FACILITY IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA. (2025). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 9(3), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-0903-2871