INFLUENCE OF CHROMIUM SULPHATE AND MIMOSA (ACACIA DEALBATA) POWDER ON THE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF LEATHER PRODUCED FROM THE RUMEN OF CATTLE, SHEEP AND GOAT

Authors

  • Hamman J. Jantiku
    Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) Kaduna.
  • E. Ekpa
  • I. Bata
  • J. A. Ijasini
  • T. N. Kperun

Keywords:

Rumen, Tanning, Chromium Sulphate, Mimosa Powder, Leather

Abstract

The study was carried out to investigate the feasibility of converting the rumen of ruminant animals into leather. Rumen samples from cattle, sheep and goats where subjected to two tanning methods: chromium sulphate and mimosa powder, with five (5) replicates under controlled conditions. Chromium sulphate tanning procedures involved cleaning, liming, de-liming, degreasing, fleshing, drenching, pickling, tanning, basification, aging, re-tanning, neutralization and fat liquoring while the mimosa powder tanning procedures included: cleaning, liming, de-liming, degreasing, fleshing, drenching, tanning and fat liquoring. The mechanical operation like fixing, staking and toggling were also carried out for both tanning procedures. The resulting leathers underwent a series of tests which included: thickness, tensile strength, percentage elongation, ball burst test, water absorption, shrinkage temperature, stitch and tear, permeability to water vapour and apparent density. The results obtained showed that thickness, tensile strength, percentage elongation, shrinkage temperature and water absorption differed significant (P<0.05) across the treatments. However, it was observed that stitch and tear, ball burst test (maximum load and maximum distention), apparent density and permeability to water vapour were not significantly (P>0.05) affected. The outcome of this study establish that rumen from cattle, sheep and goat can be processed into leather for many end uses. Leather quality is affected by rumen type and tanning agent. Cattle rumen tanned with chromium sulphate exhibited the best performance while mimosa powder tanned rumen leathers offers a sustainable and natural alternative. Due to its unique texture, rumen leather can be crafted into various items including key cases, purses, bracelets and...

Dimensions

Akawu, P. I., Onoja, M. A., Musa, Y., Akawu, I., Akintade, S. A., Jakheng, W. E. and Aliyu, U. S. (2023). A comparative study on preservation of animal skin using Gamma irradiation as an alternative to salt curing technique. FUDMA Journal of Science (FJS). Vol. 7 no. 3, (special issue) pp 193 – 197.

Ali, S.D., Haroun, H.E. and Musa, A.E. (2013). Haraz bark powder extracts for manufacture of Nappa upper leather as alternatives retanning agents. Journal of Forest Production and Industries, 2(5)25-29.

Amakon, U. (2006). Export constraints of the Kano leather industry: A study of industrial cluster in Nigeria, www.csae.ox.uk/050.

Anthony, D. (1998). New tannages for the new millennium. Journal of American Leather Chemists Asso., 93: 168-182.

Antoine, M. L., Simon, C. and Pizzi, A. (2003). UV spectrophotometric method for polyphenolic tannin analysis. Journal of Applied Polymer Sci., 91: 2729-2732.

ASTM (2010). American Society for Testing and Materials. Books of standards vol. 15.04.

Bi, S. (2006). Tanning-Aldehyde compound (I): Combination tanning by vegetable tanning-modified glutaraldehyde. China leather 35(17):1-12.

Chao, W., Wenhua, Z., Xudpin, L., Yunhang Z. and Bi, S. (2014). Transposiotion of chrome tanning in leather making. Journal of the America Leather Chemist Association.Vol.109. (6) Pp 1.

Debora, L., Villasenor, B., Alain, P. B., Martin, P. A., Tzayam, P., Erick, R. B. and Juan, M. P. (2022). Tannery waste water treatment using combined electrocoagulation and electro-fenton processes. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, volume 10, issue 2, 107290.

Farhad, A., Tanjid, A.Z., and Tanvir, S. M. (2020). Manufacturing of novelty leather from sheep’s stomach. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, vol. 11,issue10, ISSN 2229-5518.

Faxing, L., Yang, L. and Youjie, H. (2005). Preparation and the Properties of Vegetable Extract Used in Low Temperature Tanning. Journal of Leather Science and Engineering 15(1): 22-26

Haines, B.M. 1978. Leather defects originating at the farm and at the abattoir. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists 62: 25-47.

Heidemann, E. (1993). Fundamentals of Leather Manufacture. Eduard Roether KG. p. 211. ISBN 3-7929-0206-0

International Union of Leather Technologist and Chemist Societies (2001) IUP/3: “Sample preparation and conditioning”. Society of Leather Technologist and Chemists.

International Union of Leather Technologist and Chemist Societies (2001) IUP/4: “Measurements of thickness”. Society of Leather Technologist and Chemists.

International Union of Leather Technologist and Chemist Societies (2001) IUP/5: “Measurements of apparent density”. Society of Leather Technologist and Chemists.

International Union of Leather Technologist and Chemist Societies (2001) IUP/6: “Measurements of tensile strength and percentage elongation”. Society of Leather Technologist and Chemists.

International Union of Leather Technologist and Chemist Societies (2001) IUP/7: “Measurements of static absorption of water”. Society of Leather Technologist and Chemists.

International Union of Leather Technologist and Chemist Societies (2001) IUP/8: “Measurements of tearing strength”. Society of Leather Technologist and Chemists.

International Union of Leather Technologist and Chemist Societies (2001) IUP/9: “Measurements of distention and strength of grain by the ball burst test”. Society of Leather Technologist and Chemists.

International Union of Leather Technologist and Chemist Societies (2001) IUP/16: “Measurements of shrinkage temperature up to 100oC”. Society of Leather Technologist and Chemists.

Jianzhong, M.A., Yun L., Bin L., Dangge, G. and Likun W. (2009). Synthesis and properties of tanning tanning/ vinyl polymer tanning agents. Accessed 24 March 2011 from http://www.aaqtic.org.ar/congresos/china2009/download/2-4/2-128.pdf`

Kaloka, O. and Moreki (2011). Tanning hides and skins using vegetable tanning agents in Hukuntsi sub-district, Botswana. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 7(4) 915-922.

Kanth, S. V.; Venba, R.; Madhan, B.; Chandrababu, N.K and Sadulla S. (2009). Cleaner tanning practices for tannery pollution abatement: Role of enzymes in eco-friendly vegetable tanning. J. of Cleaner Prod., 17: 507–515.

Karanam, S. B., Raji, P., Jenifer, S. A., Anthony, V.S., Pazhayakath, T.M.J. and Appalaraju, V. V. S.S. (2019). Leather processing; its effect on environment and alternatives of chrome tanning. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology, vol. 10, issue 6, Pp 69-79.

Kuria, A.N. (2015). Evaluation of tanning strength and quality of leathers produced by selected vegetable tanning materials from Laikipia County, Kenya. Msc thesis, Department of Public Health Pharmacology and Toxicology. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi.

Maher, A., Hassan, S., Alivalagan, P., and Eldon, R. (2021). Cleaner production and resource recovery opportunities in leather tanneries: Technical applications and perspectives. Bioresources Technology Reports, vol 16, 100815.

Mandy, D. E. (2018). The exploration of the digestive system of cattle. https://www.farm4trade.com/the-importance-of-understanding-animals-digestive-process/+&cd=17&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ng&client=opera

Metrological Unit, Institute of Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, (2016). Location and Weather Report Samaru, Zaria.

Nasr, A. I., Abdelsalam, M.M. and Azzam, A.H. (2013). Effect of tanning method and region on physical and chemical properties of Barki sheep leather. Egyptian journal of sheep and goat science. Vol 8(1), p: 123 – 130.

Nasr, A.I. (2011). Using Some Plants And Their Crude Extracts In Leather Tanning. PhD thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexander University Egypt.

Nasr, A.I. (2005). Effect of tanning methods on some physical and chemical properties of sheep skin in desert regions. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Agric., Alex. Univ., Egypt.

Roigi, M., Segarral, V., Martinazi, M.A., Ferreri, V. and Raspiz, C. (2012). Chrome free leathers tanned with oxixalidine. Journal of aqueic 63:50-60.

Sarkar, K.T. (1992). Theory and practice of leather manufacturer 4th Edition, Revised publisher pg. 201-224

Selvarangan, R., Duraiswamy, B. and Rathnaswamy, V. (1982). Alternative E.I. leathers (A. E. I. Leather). Leather Sci., 29: 425-427.

Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J.H. (1980). Principles and procedures of statistics. A biometric approach, 2nd edition, Mchrew-Hill brod company, New York, USA. Pp.20-90.

Umme, H., Bodrun, N., Farhad A., Mahmudul, H., Rezaur, R., Mahamudul, H. (2015). Manufacturing Of Novelty Leather From Cattle Stomach. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research Volume 4, Issue 12. Pp 40 – 42.

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), (1996). Acceptable quality standards in the leather and foot wear industries.Pp 8-18.

Wahid, M., Ananya, C., Fatema, T. and Sabur, A. (2016). Nonconventional use of Basic Chromium Sulphate for wet blue leather production – an attempt for abatement of pollution. World journal of engineering research and technology vol. 2, issue 3, 60 – 70.

Published

27-11-2024

How to Cite

INFLUENCE OF CHROMIUM SULPHATE AND MIMOSA (ACACIA DEALBATA) POWDER ON THE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF LEATHER PRODUCED FROM THE RUMEN OF CATTLE, SHEEP AND GOAT. (2024). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 8(6), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0806-2805

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 6 (2024): FUDMA Journal of Sciences - Vol. 8 No. 6

Section

Research Articles
Copyright & Licensing

FUDMA Journal of Sciences

How to Cite

INFLUENCE OF CHROMIUM SULPHATE AND MIMOSA (ACACIA DEALBATA) POWDER ON THE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF LEATHER PRODUCED FROM THE RUMEN OF CATTLE, SHEEP AND GOAT. (2024). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 8(6), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0806-2805