APPLICATION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY RESISTIVITY PARAMETERS IN EVALUATING AQUIFER POTENTIAL AND VULNERABILITY WITHIN KABBA, NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA
Abstract
The study area depends on groundwater as a major source of potable and healthy water supply. However, its occurrence and quality vary with low yield or abortive borehole drilled in some part. Therefore, there is need to properly investigate the geology and groundwater condition of the area using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and Dar Zarrouk parameters. The different rock types identified are migmatite-gneiss, granite-gneiss, schist, and charnockite. Forty (40) VES was carried out which revealed five to four geo-electric layers. These are top soil, lateritic clay, confining weathered basement, weathered/fractured basement aquifers and fresh basement. The types of curves identified are HA and KQ. The average depth to groundwater is 55.00m, this indicate that borehole should be drilled within or above the average depth to avoid later drying of wells. The value of aquifer resistivity and thickness was used to calculate longitudinal conductance, transverse resistance, hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity. The longitudinal conductance varies from poor to good in protective capacity class and revealed that the groundwater is easily exposed to contamination. The aquifer resistivity, thickness with transverse resistance, hydraulic conductivity, and transmissivity were used to classified the groundwater into different zones. The groundwater potential within the study area varies from low to very good with most of the area having moderate potential zones distributed mainly within the migmatite gneiss and the schist. The study area has fractures that can produce water for domestic, agricultural and industrial purpose and the result can be used for proper management of groundwater resources.
References
Adeeko T. O., Samson D. O., & Umar M. (2019). Geophysical survey of basement Complex Terrain using Electrical Resistivity method for Groundwater Potential. World News Nat. Sci., 23, 154–165.
Adeniji A. A., Ajani O. O., Adagunodo T. A., Agbolade J. O., & Ayeni A. M. (2022). Application of Dar-Zarrouk Parameters for Groundwater Protective Potential within the Crystalline Basement Formation, Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran, 33 (3), 245 – 257.
Adeniji A., Adagunodo T., Ajani O., Samson T., Usikalu M., & Onumejor C. (2020). Combined Geoelectrical and Statistical Approach in Subsurface Structural Mapping for Groundwater Prospect at Oke-Odo, Iwo, Southwestern Nigeria. Technology Reports of Kansai University (T.R.K.U), 3411-3425
Aizebeokhai A. P., Ogungbade O., & Oyeyemi K. D. (2018). Geoelectrical Resistivity Data Set for Characterizing Crystalline Basement Aquifers in Basiri, Ado-Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria. Data-in-Brief, 18, 810–816. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.05.091
Akpah F. A., Musa K. O., Shaibu M. M., Nanfa A. C., & Jimoh J. B. (2023) Integration of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) Resistivity and Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) Methods in Groundwater Exploration Within Ajaokuta and Environs, North Central, Nigeria. FUW Trends in Science & Technology Journal, 8 (2), 269–289.
Akpan A. E., Ebong D. E., & Emeka C. N. (2015). Exploratory Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability to Pollution in Abi, southeastern Nigeria, using Geophysical and Geological Techniques. Environ Monit Assess, 187, 156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4380-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4380-2
Bassey P., Ehinlaiye A. O., & Oten-Obasuyi P. O. (2021). Megascopic Description of Rock Mineralogical and Textural Characteristics at Kabba Basement Complex of Kogi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Basic Science and Technology, 7 (1), 53 – 60.
Daud Z., Hijab A. M., Abdul Kadir A., Abdul Latiff A. A., Awang H., Abdul Halim A., et al. (2017). Batch Study on COD and Ammonia Nitrogen Removal using Granular Activated Carbon and Cockle Shells. Inter. J. Engin., 30 (7), 937-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2017.30.07a.02
Ebokaiwe A. P., Omaka O. N., Okorie U., Oje O., Egedeigwe C., Ekwe A., & Nnaji N. J. (2018). Assessment of Heavy Metals around Abakaliki Metropolis and Potential Bioaccumulation and Biochemical Effects on the Liver, Kidney, and Erythrocyte of Rats, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. An International Journal, https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2017.1410695 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2017.1410695
Falae P. O. (2014). Application of Electrical Resistivity in Buildings Foundation Investigation in Ibese Southwestern Nigeria. Asia Pac J Energy Environ, 1 (2), 95–107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15590/apjee/2014/v1i2/53748
Falae P. O., Kanungo D. P., Chauhan P. K. S., & Dash R. K. (2019). Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) based Subsurface Characterization of Pakhi Landslide, Garhwal Himalayas, India. Environ. Earth Sci., 78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8430-x
George N. J., Emah J. B., & Ekong U. N. (2015). Geophysical Properties of Hydrogeological Units in parts of Niger Delta, Southern Nigeria. J. Afr. Earth Sci, 105, 55–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2015.02.009
Goki N. G., Dada S. S., Oha A. I & Moumouni A. (2010). An Interpretation of Tectonic Elements of the Kanke Basement, Central Nigeria. Medwell online journal of Earth Sciences, 4, (2), 89-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ojesci.2010.89.94
Graham M. T., O’Dochartaigh B. E., Ball D. F., & MacDonald A. M. (2009). Using Transmissivity, Specific Capacity and Borehole Yield Data to Assess the Productivity of Scottish Aquifers. Q J Eng Geol Hydrol, 42, 227–235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/1470-9236/08-045
Helaly A. S. (2017). Assessment of Groundwater Potentiality using Geophysical Techniques in Wadi Allaqi basin, Eastern Desert, Egypt – Case Study. NRIAG J. Astron. Geophys., 6 (2), 408–421. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrjag.2017.09.003
Henriet J. (1976). Direct Applications of the Dar Zarrouk Parameters in Groundwater Surveys. Geo. Pros., 24 (2), 344-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1976.tb00931.x
Kizito O. M., Ahmed II J. B., Fabian A. A., Ernest O. A., Ikenna A. O., Solomon S. J., Andrew C. N., & Jacob B. J. (2023a). Assessment of Groundwater Potential and Aquifer Characteristics Using Inverted Resistivity and Pumping Test Data within the Lokoja Area, north-central Nigeria. Communication in physical sciences, 9 (3), 336–349.
Kizito O. M., Ikenna A. O., Aaron E. A., Solomon S. J., Ernest O. A., Fabian A., & Jacob B. J. (2023b). Integrating Geoelectrical and Borehole Data in the Characterization of Basement Rock Aquifers in the Lokoja area, Northcentral Nigeria. Geosystems and Geoenvironment, 10 (2), 17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geogeo.2023.100217
Kolawole M. S., Onimisi M. And Olobaniyi S. B. (2017). Field Occurrence and Structural Characteristics of Basement Rocks Around Kabba-Bunu Area in Part of Kabba-Lokoja Igarra Schist Belt, Southwestern Nigeria. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 23, 263-274. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v23i2.7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v23i2.7
Krasny J. (1993). Classification of Transmissivity Magnitude and Variation. Groundwater, 31 (2), 230-236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01815.x
MacDonald A. M., Bonsor H. C., Dochartaigh B. E. O., & Taylor R. G. (2012). Quantitative Map of Groundwater Resource in Africa. Environ Res Lett, 7:024009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024009
Mahmud, I., Garba M. L., Ahmed I. I., Onoja B., Muhammad A., & Dahiru A. T. (2023). Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) Survey for Groundwater Development in Bichi/Bagwai Area, North Western Nigeria. FUDMA Journal of Sciences, 7(5), 318 - 327. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0705-1977 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0705-1977
Maiti S., Gupta G., Erram V. C., & Tiwari R. K. (2011). Inversion of Schlumberger Resistivity Sounding Data from the Critically Dynamic Koyna Region using the Hybrid Monte Carlo-based Neural Network Approach. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 18, 179–192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-18-179-2011
Obaje B. O., Garba M. L., Ahmed I. I., & Mahmud I. (2023). Hydrogeophysical Evaluation of Groundwater Potential of Makurdi and Its Environs Using VES and GIS, Northcentral Nigeria. FUDMA Journal of Sciences, 7(6), 180 - 191. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2115 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2115
Obasi I. A., Ahmed II J. B., Aigbadon G. O., Anakwuba E. K., Akudo E. O., & Onwa N. M. (2022). Assessment of Aquifer Vulnerability in the Tectonically Deformed Sedimentary Rocks in Abakaliki Area, Southeastern Nigeria, using Geophysical and Geological Data. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1725870/v1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1725870/v1
Ogundana A. K. & Falae P. O. (2023). Groundwater Potential Modelling and Aquifer Zonation of a Typical Basement Complex Terrain: A Case Study. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2412432/v1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2412432/v1
Okogbue C. O. & Omonona O. V. (2013). Groundwater Potential of Egbe-Mopa Basement Area, Central Nigeria. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (4), 826–840. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2013.775445
Oladapo M. I., Mohammed M. Z., Adeoye O. O., & Adetola B. A. (2004). Geoelectrical Investigation of the Ondo State Housing Corporation Estate, Ijapo Akure, Southwestern Nigeria. J. of Min. and Geol., 40 (1), 41–48 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/jmg.v40i1.18807
Oladunjoye M. A., Korode I. A., & Adefehinti A. (2019). Geoelectrical Exploration for Groundwater in Crystalline Basement Rocks of Gbongudu Community, Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. Global J. Geol. Sci., 17, 25–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/gjgs.v17i1.3
Opara A., Onu N., Okereafor D. (2012). Geophysical Sounding for the Determination of Aquifer Hydraulic Characteristics from Dar-Zurrock Parameters: Case Study of Ngor Okpala, Imo River Basin, Southeastern Nigeria. The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 13, 590–603.
Qishlaqi A., Abdolahi M., & Abbasnejad A. (2018). Hydrogeochemical Evolution of Groundwater Resource in an Arid Region of Southeast Iran (Ravar plain–Kerman province). J.Sci. I. R. Iran, 29 (3), 253-69.
Raji W. O., & Abdulkadir K. A. (2020). Evaluation of Groundwater Potential of Bedrock Aquifers in Geological Sheet 223 Ilorin, Nigeria, using Geoelectric sounding. Appli. Water Sci., 10 (220), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-020-01303-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-020-01303-2
Simon S. S., Ishaku J. M., Seli A. B., Boniface F. (2022). Evaluation of Groundwater Potentials Using Dar Zarrouk Parameters in Mapeo and Environs, North-Eastern Nigeria. Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (DUJOPAS), 8 (3b), 124-135. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v8i3b.13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v8i3b.13
Singhal B. B. S. & Gupta R. P. (1999). Applied Hydrogeology of Fractured Rocks, 154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9208-6
Sule B. F. & Ayenigba S. E. (2017). Sustainability of Groundwater for Domestic Uses in Rural Communities of Kogi State, Nigeria. Saudi Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2 (9), 324-334.
Copyright (c) 2024 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
