PROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF NIGERIAN CROTON GRATISSIMUS, CROTON LOBATUS, CROTON MEMBRANACEUS AND CROTON PENDULIFLORUS
Abstract
With about 1300 species of herbs, shrubs, trees, and lianas, Croton (Euphorbiaceae) is one of the largest genera of flowering plants. It is an important component of secondary vegetation in the tropics and subtropics of the world and has ecological significance. The growing consumer interest in ingredients originating from natural sources has led to a recent surge in the demand for natural extracts in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Determining the proximate analysis of Croton gratissimus, lobatus, memebranaceus, and penduliflorus stembarks is the aim of this work. The proximate analysis was carried out using AOAC standard procedures in order to assess the moisture contents, dry matters, crude proteins, ash contents, carbohydrates, fat contents and fiber contents of the stated plant materials. The findings showed that there was a significant amount of dry matter, fiber and carbohydrates at 82.52%, 32.48% and 38.63% respectively in the stem bark of Croton gratissimus. Croton lobatus showed the highest amount of protein and fat content at 17.83% and 4.71% respectively while Croton lobatus and penduliflorus contains the same amount of moisture at 24.53%. Findings of the study showed that the stembarks of the plants possess high nutritional value.
References
Adesogan, E. K. (1981). The structure of Penduliflaworosin, a new furanoid diterpene from Croton penduliflorus. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. (1) 4, pp 1151–1153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/p19810001151
Adnan, M., Hussain, J., Tahir Shah, M., Shinwari, Z. K., Ullah, F., Bahader, A., & Watanabe, T. (2010). Proximate and nutrient composition of medicinal plants of humid and sub-humid regions in North-west Pakistan.
Asuzu, I. U., Chineme, C. N. (1988). Acute toxicity and gastrointestinal irritant effect of Croton penduloflorus seed oil in mice. Phyther. Res. 2, 46–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2650020108
Amaechi, N. C. (2009). Nutritive and anti-nutritive evaluation of wonderful kola (Buccholzia coricea) seeds. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 8(8), 1120-1122 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2009.1120.1122
AOAC. (2005): Official Methods of Analysis of the Analytical Chemists 18th Edition, Washington, D. C. U. S. A.
Bayor, M. T.; Gbedema, S., Annan, K. (2009). The antimicrobial activity of Croton membranaceus, a species used in formulations for measles in Ghana. J. Pharmacogn. Phyther, 1, 47–51.
Briskin, D. P. (2000). Medicinal plants and phytomedicines. Linking plant biochemistry and physiology to human health. Plant physiology, 124(2), 507-514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.124.2.507
Burkil H. M. (1985-2004). Royal Botanic gardens; Kew, Useful plants of west Tropical Africa.
Dlamini, M. D. (2005). Croton gratissimus Burch.(Euphorbiaceae).
Fredrick F.Y., Abdullahi M Abdullahi, Ibrahim M.N, Chiroma M. B, Girbo A. A. (2023): Extraction, Characterization and
Epoxidation of Castor Seed Oil. FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS) 7(2):284-288.
Gabhe, S. Y., Tatke, P. A., & Khan, T. A. (2006). Evaluation of the immunomodulatory activity of the methanol extract of Ficus benghalensis roots in rats. Indian journal of pharmacology, 38(4), 271-275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.27024
Govaerts, R., Frodin, D. G., Radcliffe-Smith, A., & Carter, S. (2000). World checklist and bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (with Pandaceae). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Croton gratissimus (Euphorbiaceae). Phytochemistry, 71(11-12), 1381-1386.
Mahmoud, A. B., Danton, O., Kaiser, M., Khalid, S., Hamburger, M., & Mäser, P. (2020). HPLC-based activity profiling for antiprotozoal compounds in Croton gratissimus and Cuscuta hyalina. Frontiers in pharmacology, 11, 557599. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.01246
Ndhlala, A., Aderogba, M., Ncube, B., Van Staden, J. (2013). Anti-oxidative and cholinesterase inhibitory effects of leaf extracts and their isolated compounds from two closely related Croton Species. Molecules. 18, 1916–1932. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18021916
Njoroge, E. K., Wambui, C. C., & Wasike, C. B. (2021). Nutritional composition, in vitro gas production and in sacco degradability of processed Croton megalocarpus nuts for ruminant feeding.
Odukoya, O. A., Sofidiya, M. O., Samuel, A. T., Ajose, I., Onalo, M., & Shuaib, B. (2012). Documentation of wound healing plants in Lagos-Nigeria: inhibition of lipid peroxidation as in-vivo prognostic biomarkers of activity. Ann Biol Res, 3(4), 1683-1789.
Ojinnaka, C. M. (1998). A Forest for Novel Drugs: Natural Product Chemistry. University of Port Harcourt.
Ojo, A. M., Amoo, I. A., Ayoade, G. W., & Ojo, B. C. (2019). Proximate Composition, Mineral Content and Phytochemical Profile of Croton Penduliflorus Seeds. FUOYE Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (FJPAS), 3(1), 140-147.
Schmelzer, G. H., Gurib-Fakim, A. (2008). Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 11 (1). Medicinal Plants 1.; Backhuys: Netherlands.
Sègla, K. A. H., Eugène, A. S., Rodrigue, A., Félix, G., Maximin, S., Madjid, A. A., ... & Lamine, B. M. (2022). Acute toxicity profile of ethanolic extracts of Croton gratissimus Burch and Schrankia leptocarpa DC in rats: Medicinal plants used in the treatment of arterial hypertension in Beninese traditional medicine. Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology, 13(1), 17-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/JPAP2021.0143
Shah MT, Begum S, & Khan S; 2009, Pedo and biogeochemical studies of mafic and ultramfic rocks in the Mingora and Kabal areas, Swat, Pakistan”. Environmental Earth Sciences, DOI: 10.1007/s12665-009- 0253-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-009-0253-8
Tropical Plants Database, Ken Fern (2024). tropical.theferns.info.
Webster, G. L. (1993). A provisional synopsis of the sections of the genus Croton (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon, 42(4), 793-823. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1223265
Weniger, B., Lagnika, L., Vonthron-Sénécheau, C., Adjobimey, T., Gbenou, J., Moudachirou, M. & Sanni, A. (2004). Evaluation of ethnobotanically selected Benin medicinal plants for their in vitro antiplasmodial activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 90(2-3), 279-284. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.10.002
Wu, X. & Zhao, Y. (2004). Advance on chemical composition and pharmacological action of Croton zambezicus. Phytochemistry, 9.
Xu, W. H., Liu, W. Y., & Liang, Q. (2018). Chemical constituents from Croton species and their biological activities. Molecules, 23(9), 2333 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092333
Copyright (c) 2024 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
