TOXICITY AND HAEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES OF Datura innoxia STEM ON Clarias gariepinus JUVENILES
Abstract
The acute toxicity and haematological changes of Datura innoxia stem on Clarias gariepinus juveniles was investigated in a static bioassay to determine the Median Lethal concentrations (LC50) at 96 hrs of exposure. Six graded concentrations of 0, 320, 330,340, 350 and 360mg/l of the aqueous extract were applied to C. gariepinus juveniles in plastic bowls. The result obtained revealed the 96hrs LC50 values to be 86.67mg/l with an 87% confidence interval between the lower and higher limits of 320 and 360mg/l. Fish exposed to acute toxicity test exhibited several abnormal behaviours, including air gulping/gasping, erratic swimming, discolouration haemorrhage, loss of reflex and molting were observed at the bottom of the bowl just before death The oxygen consumption by juveniles decreased with increased concentrations of Datura innoxia stem extract. The packed cell volume (31.34-34.78%), the red blood cell counts (1.75-2.01), haemoglobin (9.03-11.12g/dl) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were significantly depleted while, white blood cell counts (6.05-7.21) significantly decreases as the concentrations of Datura innoxia stem extract increases. The implication of these findings revealed that the stem of D. innoxia stem have negative effects on the test fish. The toxic effect of Datura innoxia stem on Clarias gariepinus juveniles were both time (12hrs) and dose dependent (340mg/l). It was concluded that Datura innoxia stem are harmful to Clarias gariepinus juveniles with significant haematological alterations.
References
Abdelhamid, M. F. and Fathy, M. A. (2020). Growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, fed with different protein levels and sources. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 51(6), 294-1313.
Agbo-Hegab, S., Russel, G.Y. and Hanke, W. (1993).The significance of cortisol for osmoregulation in carp (Cyprinus carpio) and tilapia (Sarotherodon mossambicus). General and Comparative Endocrinology, 54: 409-417. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(84)90155-2
Adeyemo, O. K. (2007). Haematological Profile of Clarias gariepinus (Bürchell, 1822) exposed to Lead. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 7: 163-169.
Adigun, B. A. (2003). Water Quality Management in Aquaculture and Fresh water. Zooplankon Productions for use in Fish Hatchery. Ibadan University Press. Pp.2-11.
Ayuba V. O., Iyakwari S. P. and Oyeniyi M. E. (2013). Acute toxicity of Formalin on Clarias gariepinus juveniles. PAT, 9 (1): 0794-5213.
Ayuba V.O. and Ofojekwu P.C. (2002). Acute toxicity of the root extracts of Jimsons Weed Datura innoxia to the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Journals of Aquatic Sciences. 17(2): 131-133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/jas.v17i2.19927
Ayuba, V.O., Ofojekwu, P.C. and Musa, S.O (2012). Haematological Response and Weight Changes of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus Exposed to Sub Lethal Concentrations of Datura innoxia Root Extract. PAT 8 (2): 134-148.
Badiru, B. A. (2005). Water Quality Management in Aquaculture and Freshwater Zooplankton Production for Use in Fish Hatcheries. National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research, New Bussa, Niger State. Pp 2-9.
Bamidele, A., Michael O. A. and Damilohun, S. M. (2018). Histological and Behavioural Changes of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles Exposed to Chlorpyrifos and DDforce. International Journal of Biological Sciences and Applications, 5(1): 1-12.
Baser, K. H. C., Demici, B., Dekebo, A. and Dagne, E. (2003).Essential oils of some Boswellia SPP., Myrrh and Opopamax. Flarour and Fragrance Journal, 18:53-156. DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1166
Bhagwant, S.S. and Bhikajee, M. (2000). Introduction of hypochromic macrocyliaanaemia in Oreochromishybrid (Cichlidae) exposed to 100mg/l (sublethal dose) of Aluminium. Science and Technology Reserve Journal, 5: 9-21.
Borges, A., Scotti, L.V., Siqueira, D.R., Zanini, R., Do Amaral, F. (2007). Changes in hematological and serum biochemical values in jundia Rhamdia quelen due to sub-lethal toxicity of cypermethrin. Chemosphere 69, 920-926. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.05.068
Cavas, T. and Ergene-Gözükara, S. (2005). Micronucleus test in fish cells, a bioassay for in situ monitoring of genotoxic pollution in the marine environment. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 46: 64-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/em.20130
Elbialy, Z. I., Ismail, T., Abdelhady, D. H. and El-Asely, A. M. (2015). Assessment of genotoxic effects of pesticide residues and related haemato-biochemical parameters on farmed Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) in Kafrelsheikh Governorate, Egypt. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 44: 136-146. DOI: 10.5455/ajvs.176708. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.176708
Ezike. C. and Ufodike E.B.C (2008). Acute toxicity of petrol to the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Annals of research in Nigeria. 6:1-4.
Isiyaku M. S., Fagbenro, O. A., and Olawusi-Peters, O. O. (2021). Acute Toxicity and Behavioural Changes of Oreochromis Niloticus Juveniles Exposed to Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Seed Husk Powder. South Asian Research Journal of Agriculture and Fisheries, 3(3): 34-39. DOI: 10.36346/sarjaf.2021.v03i03.001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59331/jasd.v3i3.143
Isiyaku, M. S., Annune , P.A and Tiamiyu, L.O. (2015). Acute Toxicity and Histopathological Changes in Liver and Gill Epithelium of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to Mercuric Chloride. Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 30(2): 329-336. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/jas.v30i2.4
Jayaprakash, C. and Shettu, N. (2013). Changes in the hematology of the freshwater fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch) exposed to the toxicity of deltamethrin. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 5(6): 178-183.
Karuppaswamy, R., Subathra, S. and Puvaneswari, S. (2005). Haematological responses to exposure to sublethal concentration of cadmium in air breathing fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch). Journal of Environmental Biology, 26: 123-128.
Kolo, R. J., Tisa, T. A. and Esogban, S. A. (2009). Acute toxicity of Round up (Glyhosate) on juveniles of Tillapia Zilli. Journal of Applied Agricultural research, 1(1): 105-109.
Mekkawy, I.A., Mahmoud, U.M and Sayed, A.E.-D.H. (2013). Effects of 4-nonylphenol on blood cells of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Tissue and Cell, 3:223-229. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tice.2011.03.006
Novak, W. K. and Haslberger, A. G. (2015).Substantial equivalence of antinutrients and inherent plant toxins in genetically modified foods. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 8:473-483. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(00)00040-5
Nussey, G., Van Vuren, J. H. J. and du Preez, H. H. (1995). Effects of copper on the haematology and osmoregulation of Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambique (Cichlidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 111c: 369-380. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(95)00063-1
Obiezue, R. N., Ikele, C. B., Mgbenka, B. O., Okoye, I. C., Attamah, G. N., Uchendu, C., Ezeamachi, E. and Onyia, C. Q. (2014). Toxicity study of diethyl phthalate on Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. African Journal of Biotechnology, 13(7): 884-896 DOI: 10.5897/AJB2013.13210 ISSN 1684-5315. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2013.13210
Omoregie, E. and.Onuogwu, M. A. (2015). Acute toxicity of water extracts of bark of the Neem plant, Azadirachta indica (Lodd) to the cichlid Tilapia zillii (Gervais). Acta Hydrobiology. 39: 47-51.
Parrish, P.R. (1985). Acute toxicity test. pp 31-57. In: M and Petrocelli S.R. (Eds.). Fundamentals of Aquatic Toxicity. Rand G Hemisphere, Publishing Corporation. Washington, DC.
Sambasivam, S., Chandran, R.., Karpagam, G. and Khan, S. A (2003). Toxicity of leaf extracts of oleander, Thevetia neriflora on tilapia. Journal of Environmental Biology, 24: 201-204.
Shah, S. L. (2006). Haematological parameters in tench, Tinca tinca after short term exposure to lead. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 26: 223-228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.1129
Shyong W.J. and Chen. H.C.(2000) Acute toxicity of copper, cadmium, and mercury to the freshwater fish Varicorhinus barbatulus and Zacco barbataa. Acta Zoology, Taiwanica. 11(1), 33-45.
Slabbert, J.L. and Venter, E.A. (1999). Biological assays for aquatic toxicity testing. Water and Science Technology, 39(10-11):367-373. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0684
Summarwar, S. (2012) Comparative heamatological studies of Clarias batrachus in Bisalpur reservoir and Pushkar Lake. Indian J Fundamental Applied Life Sci 2: 230-233.
Svobodova, Z., Luskova, V., Drastichova, J., Svobodova, M. and Zlabek, V. (2003). Effect of deltamethrin on haematological indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Acta Veterinaria Brno, 72: 79-85 DOI: 10.2754/avb200372010079 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2754/avb200372010079
Ushie, O A., Adamu, H.M., Abayeh, O. J. and Chindo, I.Y. (2013). Antimicrobial Activities of Chrysophyllum albidum Leaf extracts. International Journal of Chemical Sciences 6(1): 69-76.
Velisek, J., Sudova, E., Machova, J. and Svobodova, Z. (2010). Effects of sub-chronic exposure to terbutryn in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 73: 3 84-390. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.10.005
Warren, G. W. (1997). Advances in insects control, the role of Transgenic Plants. Taylor and Francis, London. Pp 56.
Copyright (c) 2024 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
