DETERMINISTIC MODEL OF ZIKA-VIRUS WITH CARRIER MOTHER AND RESERVOIRS: A MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS APPROACH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0803-2401Keywords:
Mathematical model, Zika-Virus, Population, Basic reproduction number, Stability analysisAbstract
In this paper, a mathematical model for the Zika virus is suggested to investigate the transmission dynamics of infection based on humans, pregnant carrier mother, infected children and the reservoir (primates) in three connected populations. Vertical and direct transmissions from all people to primates are considered in the proposed model. The Zika virus then spreads from this reservoir of infection via the nonhuman primate population (infected mosquitoes) to other entities. This virus can be passed on to the human population through an infected mosquito. Therefore, the new model with ten compartmental models has been normalized as follows: The normalized model is analyzed in depth to explore linkages between mosquitoes, humans, and primates on the dynamics of Zika-Virus transmission. The mathematical analysis comprises positivity and boundedness of solutions, determination of the basic reproduction number R0 via next-generation matrix approach, existence and stability of all equilibria as well as sensitivity analysis. Local and Global Stability of the Disease-free Equilibrium. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to verify the analytical results obtained and exhibit the contribution of different model parameters on disease transmission dynamics. The results prove that the interaction of forest mosquitoes with primates has a significant effect on human-Zika-Virus transmission dynamics among the susceptible population due to transitions to forested areas. Moreover, the findings suggest that the transmission probabilities and biting rates of mosquitoes on humans and primates are major parameters in transmitting the disease.
References
Akya, A., Najafi, F., Moradi, J., Mohebiand, Z. and Adabagher, S. (2013). Prevalence of food contamination with Listeria spp. in Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 19: 474-477.
Altekruse, S. F., Cohen, M. L. & Swerdlow, D. L. (1997). Emerging foodborne diseases. Emerging Infectious Disease 3, 285–293.
Amajoud, N., Leclercq, A., Soriano, J. M., Bracq-Dieye, H., El Maadoudi, M., Senhaji, N. S., Abrini, J. (2018). Prevalence of Listeria spp. and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from food products in Tetouan, Morocco. Food Control, 84, 436–441.
Amajoud, N., Leclercq, A., Soriano, J. M., Bracq-Dieye, H., El Maadoudi, M., Senhaji, N. S., Abrini, J. (2018). Prevalence of Listeria spp. and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from food products in Tetouan, Morocco. Food Control, 84, 436–441.
Arslan, S., and Baytur, S. (2018). Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Listeria species and subtyping and virulence factors of Listeria monocytogenes from retail meat. Journal of Food Safety 39, e12578.
Buchanan, R.L., Gorris, L.G.M., Hayman, M.M., Jackson, T.C. and Whiting, R.C (2017). A review of Listeria monocytogenes: An update on outbreaks, virulence, dose-response, ecology, and risk assessments. Food Control 75, 1-13.
Desai, A.N., Anyohac, A., Madoff, L.C. and Lassmann, B. (2019). Changing epidemiology of Listeria monocytogenes outbreaks, sporadic cases, and recalls globally: A review of ProMED reports from 1996 to 2018. International Journal of Infectious Disease 84, 48-53.
Gallegos, J.M., Vanegas, M.C., Albarracin, Y., Mattar, S., Poutou, R.A. and Carrascal, A.K. (2008) Frequency of isolation of Listeria species in different retail foods in Colombia. Animal Production Research and Advance 4: 9.
Jabir Al-Maliki, G.M. (2010) Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in frozen fish in Basrah city markets. Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research. 10: 127-132. Maria, A., Eliana, G., Alzira Maria M. B., Elaine, C. P. (2010). Quantification of Listeria monocytogenes in minimally processed leafy vegetables using a combined method based on enrichment and 16S rRNA real-time PCR. Food Microbiology 27; 19–23
Jay, J.M. (2005). Prevalence of Listeria spp. In meat and poultry products. Food Control 7: 209-214.
Kayode, A. J, and Okoh, A.I (2022) Assessment of multidrug-resistant Listeriamonocytogenes in milk and milk product and One Health perspective. PLoS ONE 17(7): e0270993. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0270993
Kyoui, D., Takahashi, H., Miya, S., Kuda, T., Kimura, B., 2014. Comparison of the major virulence-related genes of Listeria monocytogenes in Internalin A truncated strain36-25-1 and a clinical wild-type strain. BMC Microbiology. 14, 15.
Luchansky, J. B., Chen, Y., Porto-fett, A. C. S., Pouillot, R., Shoyer, B. A., Rycke, R. J. E., Dennis, S. (2017). Survey for Listeria monocytogenes in and on ready-to-eat foods from retail establishments in the United States (2010 through 2013): Assessing potential changes of pathogen prevalence and levels in a decade. Journal of Food Protection, 80(6), 903–921.
Mahendra, P., Selamawit, M., Nigus, Z., Gebrerufael, G., Savalia, C.V., Gobu, B. (2017). Listeria Monocytogenes as an emerging Global Food-borne Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogen. Beverage & food world. 44 (3) 11-14.
Mead, P. S., Slutsker, L., Dietz, V., McCaig, L. F., Bresee, J. S., Shapiro, C., Griffin, P. M. & Tauxe, R. V. (1999). Food-related illness and death in the United States. Emerging Infectious Disease 5, 607–625.
Mohamed, R. I., Abdelmonem, M. A., & Amin, H. M. (2018). Virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from frozen vegetables available in the Egyptian market. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 12(9), 218–224
Mona, M. H., Samia, A. A., Asmaa M. M., Hagar, A. A., Yasser, M. M. (2019). Molecular Identification of Listeria Species from Some Processed Meat Products Using Specific Iap Gene and 16S rRNA Gene. Alexandria Science Exchange Journal, 40 (2).
Mook, P., O’Brien, S.J. and Gillespie, I.A. (2011). Concurrent conditions and human listeriosis, England, 1999–2009E. merging Infectious Diseases,17(1), 38–43.
Muhammad, S. Iqra, M. Muhammad, H. Zeeshan, A. B. Ishrat. Y. (2020). A Mini-Review on Commonly Used Biochemical Tests for Identification of Bacteria. International Journal of Research Publications 54, (1), ISSN number 2708-3578 (Online)
Nayak, D. N., Savalia, C.V., Kalyani, I. H., Kumar, R., Kshirsagar, D. P. (2015). Isolation, identification, and characterization of Listeria spp. from various animal origin foods, Veterinary World 8(6): 695-701.
Ntshanka, Z., Ekundayo, T.C., du Plessis, E.M., Korsten, L., and Okoh, A.I. (2022). Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Vegetable-Borne Listeriamonocytogenes Isolates.Antibiotics, 11, 1353.
Owuama, C. I. (2015). Enumeration of microorganisms. Microbiology Laboratory Manual, Microtrend Digital Press Yola. pp 30-33 ISBN978-978-943-328-2.
Oyalemi, L. A., Aboaba, O. O. and Banjo, O. A. (2018). Prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility profile of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from processed and unprocessed meat products. Federal University Lafia Journal of Science and Technology 4 (1) 55-61.
Peter, A., Umeh, E., Azua, E., & Obande, G. (2016). Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from beef, pork, and chicken sold in Makurdi Metropolis. British Microbiology Research Journal, 14(5), 1–7.
Reza, R., and Mehrdad, H. (2018). Epidemiology of Listeria monocytogenes prevalence in foods, animals and human origin from Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 18:1057.
Singh, R., Kaur, S. and Bedi, J.S. (2019). Listeria contamination in Chevon and Mutton from Retail Meat Shops and Slaughter House Environment of Punjab, India. FEMS Microbiology Letter 366.
Soni, D.K., Singh, M., Singh, D.V., Dubey, S.K., 2014. Virulence and genotypic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from vegetable and soil samples. BMC Microbiology. 14, 241.
Tolba, M., Tlili, M.U., Eichenseher, C., Loessner, M.J., Zourob, M., 2012. A bacteriophage endolysin-based electrochemical impedance biosensor for the rapid detection of Listeria cells. Analyst 137, 5749–5756.
Usman, U. B., Kwaga, J. K. P., Kabir, J., & Olonitola, O. S. (2016). Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes from raw milk and milk products in Northern Kaduna State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied& Environmental Microbiology, 4, 46–54.
Uta, G. Denise, H. Philip, M. H. (2005). Methods for the isolation and identification of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes: a review FEMS Microbiology Reviews 29; 851–875
Vitals, A. I., Aguadoes, V.D and Garcia-Jalon, J.E. (2004). Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh and processed foods in Navara, Spain. Internal Journal of Food Microbiology 90: 349-356.
Walker, R. L. (1999). Listeria. In: Veterinary Microbiology, Hirsh D.C. & Zee Y.C., eds. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, USA, 225–228.
Wang, Y. J. I, Li, Q. S. and Liu, M. (2021). Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Retail Pork in Wuhan, China. Frontier in Microbiology 12:620482. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.620482
World Health Organization, WHO. (2018b). Listeriosis. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/listeriosis.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
