BASELINE SURVEY ON ENDOPARASITIC FAUNA OF THE SILVER CATFISH (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) FROM ESCRAVOS ESTUARY, DELTA STATE NIGERIA, AND ITS ZOONOTIC IMPLICATION FOR FISH CONSUMER’S HEALTH

Authors

  • Amaka Michael
    Department of Environmental Management and Pollution, Nigeria Maritime University
  • Victor O. Eyo
    Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko, Delta State
  • Ochuko Joshua Eriegha
    Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Environmental Management, Nigeria Maritime University

Keywords:

Endoparasites, Escravos Estuary, Zoonosis, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Prevalence, Intensity

Abstract

The Silver Catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) is one of the important food fishes for the inhabitants of the Escravos Estuary. Due to lack of information on the parasites of fish species in the Escarvos Estuary, including C. nigrodigitatus, fish eaters from the Escravos Estuary are at grave danger of contracting zoonotic diseases.  The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of endoparasites in the Silver Catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) from the Escravos Estuary, Nigeria. A total of 180 samples of C. nigrodigitatus were collected from September 2023 to February 2024 from fish landing sites in Okerenkoko community. The fish samples were transported to Fisheries and Aquaculture Laboratory, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko for examination and endoparasites identification. Two genera of endoparasites were found that infect C. nigrodigitatus from the Escravos Estuary, namely Procamallanus laevionchus and Pomphorhynchus laevis belonging to nematode and acanthocephalan. Only 6 samples were infected with 12 endoparasites with a total prevalence of 3.33 %. More hosts were infested with more parasites in the rainy season than dry season with a rainy season prevalence of 4.17 % and 1.17 % for dry season. Prevalence (6.25 %) of endoparasites was higher in 40.0 – 49.9 cm size class than other length classes with 20.0 – 29.9 cm size class recording the least prevalence (1.67%). More female hosts (66.67%) were infested than male hosts (33.33 %). Parasites were only found in the intestine and stomach of C. nigrodigitatus with no parasite in the fillet, liver, heart, and kidney. In conclusion,...

Dimensions

Abd-ELrahman, S.M., Gareh, A., Mohamed, H. I., Alrashdi, B.M., Dyab, A. K., El-Khadragy, M.F., Khairy Elbarbary, N., Fouad, A. M., El-Gohary, F. A., Elmahallawy, E. K. & Abdel-Aal Mohamed, S. (2023). Prevalence and Morphological Investigation of Parasitic Infection in Freshwater Fish (Nile Tilapia) from Upper Egypt. Animals, 13: 1088. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13061088

Abidemi-Iromini, A. O. and Adelegan, R. A. (2019). Growth Status and Parasitic Fauna of Clarias gariepinus collected from Ogbese River and Owena River, South-West Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International, 19(2): 1-12.

Akinsanya, B., Isibor, P. O., Pentho, K. M., Mulikat, K. and Saliu, J.K. (2019). Parasite Prevalence and Bioaccumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as Stressors in the Silver Catfish, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Siluriformes: Claroteidae), Scientific African, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00225

Akinsanya, B., Ukwa, U. D. and Hassan, A. A. (2014). Effect of Host Condition on intestinal parasite load and prevalence in Malapterurus electricus, Gmelin 1789, (Siluriformes: Malapteridae) In Lekki Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Parasitology, 35: 59-64.

Asuquo, P. E. and Eyo, V. O. (2023). Comparative Study On The Prevalence Of Trichodiniasis And Monogeniasis In Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Of Different Age Groups In The University Of Calabar Fish Farm And Its Implication To Fish Farmers. Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences, 10(2) 01-06.

Bouwmeester, M. M., Goedknegt, M. A., Poulin, R. & Thieltges, D. W. (2020). Collateral diseases: aquaculture impacts on wildlife infections. J Appl Ecol 1365–2664:13775. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13775

Deflem, I.S., Van Den Eeckhaut, F., Vandevoorde, M. et al. Environmental and spatial determinants of parasite communities in invasive and native freshwater fishes. Hydrobiologia 849, 913–928 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04746-z

Effanga, E. O. and Eyo, V. O. (2018). Endoparasitic Infestation of the Nile Squeaker, Synodontis schall (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) from the Cross River Estuary, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research, 6(3): 1-10.

Ejere, V. C., Aguzie, O. I., Ivoke, N., Ekeh, F. N., Ezenwaji, N. E., Onoja, U. S. and Eyo, J. E. (2014). Parasitofauna of five freshwater fishes in a Nigerian freshwater ecosystem. Croat. J. Fish. Ribar., 72,:17–24.

Ekanem, A. P., Eyo, V. O. and James, P.O. (2014). Endoparasites of Food-fish Landing From the Calabar River, Cross River State, Nigeria. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 3(6):810-817.

Ekanem, A. P., Eyo, V. O., and Sampson, A. F. (2011). Parasites of landed fish from Great Kwa River, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture. 3 (12):225-230.

El-Seify, M.A., Zaki, M.S., Desouky, A.R.Y., Abbas, H.H., Abdel Hady, O.K., Abou Zaid, A.A. (2018). Seasonal Variations and Prevalence of Some External Parasites Affecting Freshwater Fishes Reared at Upper Egypt. In: Kumar, V., Kumar, M., Prasad, R. (eds) Phytobiont and Ecosystem Restitution. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1187-1_9

Emere, M. C. (2000). Parasitic infection of the Nile perch Latesniloticus in river Kaduna. J Aqua Sci., 15:51-54.

Eyo, V. O. and Effanga, E. O. (2018). Ectoparasitic infestation of the Nile Squeaker, Synodontis schall (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) from the Cross River Estuary, Nigeria. International Journal of Aquatic Biology, 6(1): 37-43.

Eyo, V. O., Ajang, R., Ewutanure, S. J., Eriegha, O. J., Eze, F and Udobong, B. E. (2023). Mineral Composition of Important Shell Fish Species from the Escravos River Estuary, Delta State, Nigeria and their Nutritional Significance. Journal of Advances in Food Science & Technology, 10(2): 10-19.

Gebreegziabher, H., Degefu, H. and Tsegay, A.K. (2020). Prevalence of internal helminth parasites of fish in Gilgel-Gibe river and three selected ponds in and around Jimma Town, South West Ethiopia. Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 20, 693–699.

Iboh, C. I., Ajang, R. O. and Arong, G. A. (2016). Comparative Study and Zoonotic Implications of Endoparasitic Fauna in Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from Great Kwa River and Calabar River, Cross River State, Nigeria. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 6(19): 27 – 33.

Idodo-Umeh, G. (2003). Freshwater Fishes of Nigeria (Taxonomy, Ecological notes, Diet and Utilization). Idodo Umeh Publishers Limited. Pp 408.

Idowu T. A., James M., Sajo Z. M., Adedeji H. A., & Sogbesan O. A. (2023). Occurrence of parasites in live clarias gariepinus sold at jimeta modern market, Yola, Adamawa State. FUDMA Journal of Sciences, 7(2): 206 - 209. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0702-139

Idris, M. N., Daud, A. R., Othman, N. K. and Jalar, A. (2013). Corrosion control by benzyl triethylammonium chloride: Effects of temperture and its concentration. International Journal of Engineering & Technolgy 13(3): 47-51.

Khalida, S., Khanb, W., Dasc, S. N., Ahmada, A., Mehmoodd, S. A., Pahanware, W. A. Ahmedd, S., Kamalf, M., Waqasd, M., Waqasd, R. M., Hassang, H. U., Zahoorh, S. & Maqboola, A. (2021). Evaluation of ecto and endo parasitic fauna of Schizothorax plagiostomus inhabitants of river Swat, Khyber PakhtunKhwa, Pakistan. Braz. J. Biol., 81(1): 98-104. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.222215.

Koepper, S., Nuryati, S., Palm, H. W., Theisen, S., Wild, C., Yulianto, I. & Kleinertz, S. (2021) Parasite fauna of the white-streaked grouper (Epinephelus ongus) from the Thousand Islands, Java, Indonesia. Acta Parasitol 66:543–552. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-020-00312-0.

Koepper, S., Nuryati, S., Palm, H. W., Wild, C., Yulianto, I. and Kleinertz, S. (2022). Metazoan endoparasite fauna and feeding ecology of commercial fishes from Java, Indonesia. Parasitology Research (2022) 121:551–562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07377-4.

Nzeako, S., Uche, A., Imafidor, H. and Abraham, N. (2014). N. Endoparasitic fauna of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Lacepede, 1802) in the new Calabar river, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies. 1(6): 208-212.

Onoja-Abutu, A. E., Okpanachi, M. A., Alkazmi, L., Yaro, C. A. & Batiha, G. E. (2021). Branchial Chamber and Gastrointestinal Tracts Parasites of Fish Species in Benue and Niger Rivers, North Central, Nigeria. International Journal of Zoology, vol. 2021, Article ID 6625332, 10 pages, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6625332

Osimen, E. C. and Anagha, L. I. (2020). Endoparasites of fresh water fishes from rivers in Edo State, Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 18 (4): 197 – 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v18i4.3

Palm, H.W. (2011). Fish Parasites as Biological Indicators in a Changing World: Can We Monitor Environmental Impact and Climate Change?. In: Mehlhorn, H. (eds) Progress in Parasitology. Parasitology Research Monographs, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21396-0_12

Paperna, I. (1996). Parasites infections and disease of fishes in Africa. CIFA Technical paper no. 31 food and agriculture organization, Rome.

Rahmati, A.R., Kiani, B., Afshari, A., Moghaddas, E., Williams, M. and Shamsi, S. (2020). World-wide prevalence of Anisakis larvae in fish and its relationship to human allergic anisakiasis: a systematic review. Parasitol Res, 119: 3585–3594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06892-0

Sayyaf Dezfuli, B. and Scholz, T. (2022). Fish parasites (special issue). Parasitology. 2022;149(14):1811-1814. doi:10.1017/S0031182022001433

Shaheen, A., Aya, F., Amel, M., Eman, A. and Amany, A. (2014). Diagnosis of some internal parasitic diseases in freshwater fishes. Glob. J. Fish. Aquac. Res., 1: 30–44.

Shaheen, A., Aya, F., Amel, M., Eman, A., & Amany, A. (2014). Diagnosis of some internal parasitic diseases in freshwater fishes. Glob. J. Fish. Aquac. Res., 1: 30–44.

Tessema, W. (2020). Review on Parasites of Fish and their Public Health Importance. ARC J. Anim. Vet. Sci., 6: 23–27.

Uchang, F. I., Lee, Y., Yeo, F. K. S. & Chong, Y. L. (2019). Fish Endoparasites From Streams Near Paddy Fields in Serian and Padawan, Western Sarawak. Trends in Undergraduate Research, 2(1): a7 -14. https://doi.org/10.33736/tur.1547.2019

Upadhyay, J., Jauhari, R. K. and Devi, N. P. (2012). Parasitic incidence in a cyprinid fish Labeo rohita (Ham.) at river Song in Doon valley (Uttarakhand). Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 36(1): 56-60.

Wogu, M. D. and Okaka, C. E. (2012). A comparative study of the gastrointestinal helminth parasites infection of fresh and brackish water fishes from Warri River, Southern Nigeria. International Multi-disciplinary Journal Ethiopia, 6(2):25.

Yusni, E., Batubara, A. & Frantika, C. (2022). Detection of endoparasites in mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis) in north Sumatra province, Indonesia. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 36(2): 519 – 524. 10.33899/ijvs.2021.130703.1867.

Published

06-03-2024

How to Cite

BASELINE SURVEY ON ENDOPARASITIC FAUNA OF THE SILVER CATFISH (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) FROM ESCRAVOS ESTUARY, DELTA STATE NIGERIA, AND ITS ZOONOTIC IMPLICATION FOR FISH CONSUMER’S HEALTH. (2024). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 8(1), 286-292. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2223

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): FUDMA Journal of Sciences - Vol. 8 No. 1

Section

Research Articles
Copyright & Licensing

How to Cite

BASELINE SURVEY ON ENDOPARASITIC FAUNA OF THE SILVER CATFISH (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) FROM ESCRAVOS ESTUARY, DELTA STATE NIGERIA, AND ITS ZOONOTIC IMPLICATION FOR FISH CONSUMER’S HEALTH. (2024). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 8(1), 286-292. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2223

Most read articles by the same author(s)