DYNAMICS AND CONTROL OF BRUCELLOSIS IN HUMAN AND LIVESTOCK: PUBLIC HEALTH EDUCATION, TREATMENT AND VACCINATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0701-2066Keywords:
Dynamics, Control, Brucellosis, Livestock, Public Health Education, Treatment, VaccinationAbstract
Brucellosis is a multifaceted zoonotic infection with vital epidemiological, economic, and global health effect, principally for human and Livestock populations within developing nations. In this paper a dynamic model of livestock-to-human transmission of the disease is developed. Model investigation is carried out to obtain and establish the stability of the equilibrium points. The basic reproduction number is calculated and the conditions under which brucellosis can be cleared in the both populations are established. Then, optimal control approach to establish the required conditions for the optimality of the disease eradication or control are applied. Public health education for humans and vaccination for susceptible livestock and treatment for infected humans and livestock. Numerical simulations show the dynamics of disease transmission and the effect of the control strategies.
References
Abubakar, B. S., Abdullah, A., Jones, A. N., & Hussaini, M. (2018). Assessment of Public Boreholes Water Quality in Maiduguri Metropolis. Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, 14(4), 639-637.
Akpoveta, O., Okoh, B. E., & Osakwe, S. A. (2011). Quality Assessment of Borehole Water used in the Vicinities of Benin, Edo State and Agbor, Delta State of Nigeria. Curr. Res. Chem., 3 (1): 62-69, 2011, 3(1), 62-69. 10.3923/crc.2011.62.69
Bell, M., & Card, K. S. (2021). MAIDUGURI: City Scoping Study. Maiduguri: African Cities Research Consortium.
Bello, H. S., Isa, M. A., Shettima, A., & Allamin, I. A. (2013). Physicochemical changes and Bacteriological Contamination of Drinking Water from Wash Bores in Jere, Borno State, Nigeria. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research, 3(3), 126-131.
Brown, J. C., Hall, J. R., & & Thomas, J. R. (1972). A Water Quality Index for Evaluating the Quality of Surface Waters. Water Resources Research, 8(1), 109-114.
Chinwendu, E., Bright, N., Jecinta, O., & K., I. C. (2020). Water Quality Index for the Assessment of Selected Borehole Water Quality in Rivers State. European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences, 1(6), 1-4.
Georginia, O.-W. C., Charles C., O., & Boisa, N. (2020). Assessment of Physicochemical Characteristics of Mini-Ezi Stream in Elele-Alimini, Emohua Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering, 6(1), 196-202.
Gupta, N., Pandey, P., & Hussain, J. (2017). Effect of physicochemical and biological parameters on the quality of river water of Narmada, Madhya Pradesh, India. Water Science, 31(1), 11-23.
John, O. O., Olaleke, A. M., Raphael, O., Gary, Y., & Shenge, G. A. (2014). Assessment of WaterQuality Index of Borehole and Well Water in Wukari Town, Taraba State, Nigeria. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 4(5), 1-9.
Katsanou, K., & Karapanagioti, H. K. (2017). Surface water and groundwater sources for drinking water. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 1–19.
NIS. (2015). Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality. Abuja: NIGERIAN INDUSTRIAL STANDARD.
Ogundele, O., & Olarinde Mekuleyi, G. (2018). Physico-Chemical Properties and Heavy Metalsconcentration in Waste Water Discharged from Two Industries in Agbara, Lagos State, Nigeria. International Research Journal of Public and Environmental Health, 5(3), 32-27.
Olusola, A., Adeyeye, O. & Durowoju, O., 2017. Groundwater: Quality Levels and Human Exposure, SW Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Geography, 10(1-2), pp. 23-29.
Opaluwa, O. D., Mohammed, Y., & Chaku, S. E. (2020). Quality of Groundwater Sources in Keffi and Karu Local Government Areas, Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Research, 6(2), 156-166.
Opaluwa, O. D., Mohammed, Y., Mamman, S., Ogah, A. T., & Ali, D. (2020). Assessment of Water Quality Index and Heavy Metal Contents of Underground Water Sources in Doma Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research, 6(3), 27-40.
Rudiger, C. (2002). The urban environment in Maiduguri, Nigeria: A study in urban adaptation to desertification. Geo-Journal, 58(1), 53-62.
Sarwar, S., Ahmmed, I., Mustari, S., & Shaibur, M. R. (2020). Use of Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI) to Determine the Suitability of Groundwater of Chaugachcha and Manirampur Upazila, Jashore, Bangladesh. Environmental and Biological Research, 2(2), 37-48.
Shigut, D. A., Liknew, G., Irge, D. D., & Ahmad, T. (2017). Assessment of Physico-Chemical Quality of Borehole and Spring Water Sources Supplied to Robe Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Applied Water Science, 7, 155-164.
Wekesa, A. M., & Otieno, C. (2022). Assessment of Groundwater Quality Using Water Quality Index from Selected Springs in Manga Subcounty, Nyamira County, Kenya. The Scientific World Journal, 2022, 1-7.
WHO. (2017). Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality: Fourth Edition Incorporating the First Addendum. Geneva: World Health Organization.
WHO. (2022). Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality: Fourth Edition Incorporating the First and Second Addenda. World Health Organization.
Zulum, U., Umara Bulakarima, A., Isa, M. A., & Bababe, A. B. (2016). Physicochemical Analysis of Drinking Water from Selected Boreholes in Maiduguri Metropolis, Nigeria. International Journal of Research, 3(18), 1954-1958.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
FUDMA Journal of Sciences