DETERMINATION OF VITAMIN C AND MINERAL CONTENT OF TWO LOCAL SPECIES OF Carica papaya (SAMBA AND HORTUS GOLD PAPAYA) AT VARIOUS STAGES OF RIPENING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0701-2051Keywords:
Vitamin C, Papaya, Ripening, Maturity, Optimum, MineralsAbstract
Papaya (Carica papaya Linn) is a popular fruit grown in the tropical and subtropical parts of the world, also known as "pawpaw". The fruit is consumed when ripe and also processed. The many benefits of papaya are owed due to the high content of Vitamin A, B and C, and minerals. This study aimed at determining the concentration of vitamin C in two species of the fruits as a function of the ripening periods, using the redox titration method indicated that the concentration of vitamin C decreased from 98 mg/kg to 70 mg/kg in Samba papaya and from 96 mg/kg to 68 mg/kg in the Hortus gold papaya with ripening period. Samba papaya is recommended for vitamin C enhancement at the early ripening stage. Calcium, magnesium and potassium concentrations determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry decreased in concentration with storage day. Domestic and industry supply of vitamin C and essential minerals is key to health need to be obtained from fruits at the optimum stage.
References
Alemneh, H. T. (2020). Mathematical modelling, analysis, and optimal control of corruption dynamics. Journal of Applied Mathematics, 2020, Article ID 5109841, 13 pp.
Binuyo, A. O., & Akinsola, V. O. (2020). Stability analysis of the corruption-free equilibrium of the mathematical model of corruption in Nigeria. Mathematical Journal of Interdisciplinary Sciences, 8(2), 61–68.
Bitterhout, S., & Simo-Kengne, B. D. (2020). The effect of corruption on economic growth in the BRICS countries: A panel data analysis, 12(3), 1–23.
Carr, J. (1981). Application of center manifold theory. Springer Verlag, New York, NY, USA.
Castillo-Chavez, C., & Song, B. (2004). Dynamical models of tuberculosis and their applications. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 1, Article ID 361404.
Danford, O., Kimathi, M., & Mirau, S. (2020). Mathematical modeling and analysis of corruption dynamics with control measures in Tanzania. Journal of Mathematics and Informatics, 1, 58–79.
Egudam, F. Y., Oguntolu, F., & Ashezua, T. (2017). Understanding the dynamics of corruption using a mathematical modeling approach. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering, and Technology, 4(4), 2348–7968.
Emmanuel, S., Edogbanya, H. O., & Omodara, B. (2020). Numerical Solutions of Elliptic Partial Differential Equations. International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability, 6(1), 12. Retrieved from https://fugus-ijsgs.com.ng/index.php/ijsgs/article/view/127
Emmanuel, S., Sathasivam, S., Ali, M. K. M., Kee, T. J., & Ling, Y. S. (2023). Estimating the transmission dynamics of Dengue fever in subtropical Malaysia using SEIR model. Journal of Quality Measurement and Analysis, 19(2), 45–56.
Emam, F. (2022). Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion. Retrieved from http://www.aast.edu/cv.php?disp_unit=346 &ser=68525.
LaSalle, J. P. (1976). Stability of dynamical systems. In Proceedings of the Regional Conference Series in Applied Mathematics. SIAM, Philadelphia, PA, USA, April 1976.
Legesse, L., & Shiferaw, F. (2018). Mathematical modelling and analysis of corruption dynamics. Ethiopian Journal of Sciences and Sustainable Development, 5(2), p-ISSN 1998-0531.
Lemecha, L. (2018). Modelling corruption dynamics and its analysis. Ethiopian Journal of Sciences and Sustainable Development, 5(2), 13–27.
Li, J., Xiao, Y., Zhang, F., & Yang, Y. (2016). An algebraic approach to proving the global stability of a class of epidemic models. Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications, 13.
Nathan, O. M., & Jackob, K. O. (2019). Stability analysis in a mathematical model of corruption in Kenya. Asian Research Journal of Mathematics, 28, 1–15.
Nathan, O. M., Haileyesus, T. A., Cyrus, G. N., & Grace, G. M. (2021). Mathematical modelling and analysis of corruption of morals among adolescents with control measures in Kenya. April 21, 2021.
Oscar, D., Mark, K., & Silas, M. (2020). Mathematical modelling and analysis of corruption dynamics with control measures in Tanzania. Journal of Mathematics and Informatics, 19, 57–79.
Rwat, S. I., & Atinah, A. (2023). Backward bifurcation and hysteresis in a mathematical model of COVID-19 with imperfect vaccine. Matematika, MJIM, 39(1), 87–99.
Sabastine, E., Okoye, I., Ezenweke, C. P., Shobanke, D. A., & Adeniyi, I. A. (2022). Estimating nonlinear regression parameters using particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm. FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS), 6(6), 202–213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2022-0606-1114.
Transparency International. (2017). Corruption Perception Index. Retrieved September 2018 from www.transparency.org
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
