EFFECT OF AQUEOUS PLANT EXTRACTS AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER ON THE GERMINATION, GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF MAIZE (Zea mays)
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Plant extract and inorganic fertilizer on the germination and early seedling growth of maize, Bio-fertilizers have the ability to symbiotically relate to the roots of plants. These living microorganisms help to transform complicated organic material into basic compound, helping the plant to grow and nurture in a natural way. Aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica was obtained using cold maceration method the experiment was designed in a completely randomize design both in the in vitro and field experiments, the germination rate, plumule and radicle lengths as well as the dry matter accumulations of the maize plant were determined. The extract was diluted using serial dilution method to obtain 100,75,50, & 25% of the extract and an inorganic fertilizer NPK. Aqueous extract of the plant demonstrated ability to stimulate the germination, growth and development of maize crop. The effect of the extracts increases with increase in the concentration of the extracts with the best activity in 100% concentration of the extract, which was as effective as the Inorganic fertilizer in all the parameters considered used in the studies. Application of organic biofertilizer is recommended as it increases the yield and early germination of the plant.
References
Adesemoye, A.O. &Kloepper, J.W. (2009). Plant-microbes interactions in enhanced fertilizer-use efficiency. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009, 85:1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-009-2196-0
Ambrosini, A, Beneduzi, A., Stefanski T, Pinheiro F, Vargas L. & Passaglia L. (2012) Screening of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria isolated from sunflower Helianthus annuus L. Plant & Soil, 356:245–264. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-1079-1
Araujo, A. S.F., Santos VB, Monteiro R.T.R. (2008) Responses of soil microbial biomass and activity for practices of organic and conventional farming systems in Piauistate, Brazil. Eur J Soil Biol 2008, 44:225–230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2007.06.001
Chaurasia, A.K. & Apte, S.K.(2011). Improved eco-friendly recombinant Anabaena sp.strain PCC7120 with enhanced nitrogen biofertilizer potential.Appl Environ Microbiol 77:395–399. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01714-10
Dastager SG, Deepa CK, Pandey A: Isolation and characterization of novel plant growth promoting Micrococcus sp NII-0909 and its interaction with cowpea. Plant Physiol Biochem 2010, 48:987–992. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.09.006
Megali, L, Glauser G. & Rasmann, S.(2013) Fertilization with beneficial microorganisms decreases tomato defenses against insect pests. Agron Sustain Dev 2013, doi:10.1007/s13593-013-0187-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-013-0187-0
Mohammadi K, Yousef Sohrabi Y: Bacterial Biofertilizers for sustainablecrop production: A review. J Agric Biol Sci 2012, 7:307–316.
Musa, D.D. Mohammad, F.T. & Bala, A. S. (2022). growth and yield response of common beans (phaseolus vulgaris l.) to sodom apple (calotropis procera aiton.) leaf, stem and root aqueous extracts. International Journal of Science & Engineering Technology Vol. 30 No. 2.
Santos, V.B, Araujo SF, Leite LF, Nunes LA, Melo J.W. (2012) Soil microbial biomass and organic matter fractions during transition from conventional to organic farming systems. Geoderma 2012, 170:227–231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.11.007
Sinha RK, Valani D, Chauhan K, Agarwal S: Embarking on a second green revolution for sustainable agriculture by vermiculture biotechnology using earthworms: reviving the dreams of Sir Charles Darwin. Int J Agric Health Saf 2014, 1:50–64.
Singh, J.S, Pandey VC, Singh DP. (2011) Efficient soil microorganisms: a new dimension for sustainable agriculture andenvironmental development. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 140:339–353 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.01.017
Pindi, P.K. & Satyanarayana S. (2012) Liquid microbial consortium- a potential tool for sustainable soil health. J Biofertil Biopest, 3:4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6202.1000124
Ogbo, FC: Conversion of cassava wastes for biofertilizer production using phosphate solubilizing fungi. Bioresour Technol 2010, 101:4120–4124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.057
Park, J, Bolan N, Megharaj M, Naidu R: Isolation of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria and characterization of their Effects on Lead Immobilization. Pedologist 2010, 53:67–75.
Kogel, K.H., Franken P, Huckelhovenl R. (2016). Endophyte or parasite – whatdecides? Curr Opin Plant Biol, 9:358–363. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2006.05.001
Lamabam, P.S, Gill SS, Tuteja N: Unraveling the role of fungal symbionts in plant abiotic stress tolerance. Plant Signal Behav 2011, 6:175–191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.6.2.14146
Smith, S., Lakobsen I, Gronlund M, Smith FA: Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas in plant phosphorus nutrition: interactions between pathways of phosphorus uptake in arbuscular mycorrhizal roots have important implications for understanding and manipulating plant phosphorus acquisition. Plant Physiol 2011, 156:1050–1057. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.111.174581
Roy, M, Srivastava RC: Assembling BNF system in rice plant: frontier areasof research. Curr Sci 2013, 104:3–10.
Venkataraman, G.S. & Neelakantan, S(2016) Effect of cellular constituents of the nitrogen fixing blue-green algae. Cylindrospermum nusciola on the root growth of rice seedlings. Journal of General Appl Microbiol, 13:53–61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2323/jgam.13.53
Youssef, M.M.A, Eissa MFM: Biofertilizers and their role in management of plant parasitic nematodes. A review. E3 J Biotechnol. Pharm Res 2014, 5:1–6.
Raja, N: Biopesticides and biofertilizers: ecofriendly sources for sustainable agriculture. J Biofertil Biopestici 2013, 1000e112:1000e112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6202.1000e112
Pandey, S, Shrivastava AK, Rai R, Rai LC: Molecular characterization ofAlr1105 a novel arsenate reductase of the diazotrophic cyanobacteriumAnabaena sp. PCC7120 and decoding its role in abiotic stressmanagement in Escherichia coli. Plant Mol Biol 2013, 83:417–432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-013-0100-x
Yao, L, Wu Z, Zheng Y, Kaleem I, Li, C. (2010). Growth promotion and protection against salt stress by Pseudomonas putida Rs-198 on cotton. European J Soil Biol 2010, 46:49–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2009.11.002
Toussaint, J.P., Kraml, M., Nell, M., Smith, S.E. & Smith, F.A. (2008). Effect of Glomus mosseae on concentrations of rosmarinic and caffeic acids and essential oil compounds in basil inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. basilica. Plant Pathology journal, 57:1109–1116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2008.01895.x
Copyright (c) 2023 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
