DIRECT BIOLEACHING OF ZINC USING manihot esculenta crantz (cassava) EXTRACT WITHOUT ADDITIVES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0402-199Keywords:
direct bioleaching, zinc ore, Manihot esculenta Crantz, leach extractionAbstract
The advent and development of new technologies that will provide better yields, cleaner and a safer environment is a global challenge for the researchers. Traditional solvents used in extraction of minerals are at many times hazardous thereby constituting threats to the ecology. The work reports the direct bioleaching of zinc sourced from Abakaliki-Ishiagwu complex zinc sulphide ore deposit. The sphalerite ore is predominant in Zn with other associated metals Pb, Cu, Fe, Ni, Sb, As, Cd, Au, V, Co, Ag, K, Al and Ca. It covers the pre extraction processes of mineral comminution (crushing and grinding); separation by froth flotation; and roasting. Agro-cyanide was extracted from cassava plant (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves and was used as leachant without any additive. The result of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) analysis of the leached liquor (pregnant solution) shows that lead, copper and iron in addition to Zinc, were obtained from the leached ore roast at 149.25 ppm (Zn), 79.25 ppm (Pb), 0.25 ppm (Cu) and 4.25 ppm (Fe) extraction after 21 days. Elongated contact of ZnO ore is not encouraging for Zn extraction as there is a decline in the quantity of Zn, Fe and Cu as the leaching time (days) increases. The mechanism of the Leach next faction is yet to be fully ascertained, hence the need for further work in the area.
References
Ali, N., Khan, E. U., Akhter, P., Khan, F., and Waheed, A. (2010). Estimation of mean annual effective dose through radon concentration in the water and indoor air of Islamabad and Murree. Journal of Radiat. Prot. Dosim., 141:183‑191.
Aruwa, A., Kassimu, A.A., Gyuk, P., Ahmadu, B and Aniegbu, J. (2017). Studies on radon concentration in underground water of Idah, Nigeria. International journal of research Granthaalayah, 5(9). DOI: 10.5281/zenodo./0076377
ASTM. (1999). American society for testing and measurements. Standard test method for Radon in drinking water. ASTM Designation: D5072-98.
Avwiri, G. O. (2005). Determination of radionuclide levels in soil and water around cement companies in Port Harcourt. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 9(3):26–29.
Bello, S., Nasiru, R., Garba, N. N., and Adeyemo, D. J. (2020). Annual effective doses associated with radon, gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity in drinking waterv fron Shanono and Bagwai, Kano State, Nigeria. Microchemical Journal, 154(2020) :104551.
Binesh, A., Mohammadi, S., Mowlavi, A., Parvaresh, P and Arabshahi, H. (2010). Evaluation of the radiation dose from radon ingestion and inhalation in drinking water sources of Mashhad. Research Journal of Applied Science, (5):221-225.
Binesh, A., Mowlavi, A., and Mohammadi, S. (2012). Estimation of the effective dose from radon ingestion and inhalation in drinking water sources of Mashhad, Iran. International Journal of Radiation Research, (10): 37-41.
Bem, H., Plota, U., Staniszewska, M., Bem, E. M.,and Mazurek, D. (2014). Radon (222Rn) in underground drinking water supplies of the Southern Greater Poland Region. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 299: 1307‑1312.
Bunger, T., and Ruhle, H. (1993). Rapid procedure for determining radon-222 in drinking water H-Rn-222-TWASS-01. Federal coordinating office for drinking water, groundwater, wastewater, sludge, waste and wastewater of nuclear power plants. ISSN 1865-8725.
European Commission. (1998). European drinking water directive on the quality of water intended for human consumption. 98/83/EC of 3rd November 1998 Official J L;330.
Garba, N.N (2011). Determination of radon concentration in water sources of Zaria and environs using liquid scintillation counter, M.Sc. thesis, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
Garba, N. N., Rabiu, N., Dewu, B. B. M., Sadiq, U., Yamusa, Y. A. (2013). Radon Assessment in Ground Water Sources from Zaria and Environs, Nigeria. International Journal of Physical Sciences. 8(42): 1983 – 1987.
Kaur, M., Tripathi, P., Choudary, I., Mehra, R., and Kumar, A. (2017). Assessment of Annual Effective Dose Due to Inhalation and Ingestion of Radon in Water Samples from Some Regions of Punjab, India. International Journal of Pure and Applied Physics, (3): 193-200. ISSN 0973-1776.
Kumar, A., Kaur, M., Sharma, S., Mehra, R., Sharma, D. K., and Mishra, R. (2016). Radiation dose due to Radon and heavy metal analysis in drinking water samples of Jammu district, Jammu & Kashmir, India. J. Radiat. Prot. Dosim., 171 (2):217-222.
Kumar, A., Kaur, M., Sharma, S., and Mehra, R. (2016). A study of radon concentration in drinking water samples of Amritsar city of Punjab (India). J. Radiat. Prot. Environ., 39:13-19.
Malakootian1, M., and Nejhad, Y., S. (2017). Determination of radon concentration in drinking water of Bam villages and evaluation of the annual effective dose. International Journal of Radiation Research, 15(1):81-90. DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.ijrr.15.1.81.
Obaje, N. G., (2009). Geology and Mineral Resources of Nigeria. Lecture Notes On Earth Sciences. Published by Springer Verlag Barlin Heidelherg. 219.
Olise, S. F., Akinnegbe, M. D., and Olasegbe, S. O. (2016). Radionuclides and Radon levels in soils and ground water from solid minerals mining area southwestern
Nigeria. Cogent Journal of environmental sciences. 2(1):114234.
Peraira A. J., Peraira, M. D., Neves, D., Azevedo, T, M. M., and Campos A. B. A., (2015). Evaluating Ground Water Quality Based on Radiological and Hydrochemical Data from Auriferous Regions of Western Iberia: Nisa (Portugal) and Ciudad Rodvigo (Spain). Journal of Envirnment and Earth Sciences (73):2717-2731.
Przylibski, T. A., Gorecka, J., Kula, A., Fujafkowska, L., Zogozonk, P., Mista, W., and Nowakowski, R., (2014). 222Rn and 226Ra Activity Concentration in Ground Water of Southern Poland: New Data and Selected Genetic Relations. Journal of Radiological and Nuclear Chemistry. 301:757-764.
Saidu, A., and Ike, E. E. (2013). Survey of Gross Alpha Radioactivity in Bore Hole and Well Water in Sokoto City North-Western Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 20(3): 20-26. ISSN 0794-5698.
Skeppstram, K., and Olofsson, B., (2006). A prediction method for Radon in Ground Water Using GIS and Multi-Variance Statistics. Journal of Science and Total Environment, 367:666-680.
Suomela, J. (1993). Method for determination of Rn-222 in water by liquid scintillation counting according to ISO/TC147/SC3/WG6/working document N14. ISSN.0282-4434.
UNSCEAR (2000). United Nations Scientific of Committee on the Effect of atomic Radiation. Effects and risks of ionizing radiation, United Nations, New York.
UNSCEAR (2008). United Nations Scientific of Committee on the Effect of atomic Radiation. Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Report to the General Assembly with Scientific Annexes. United Nations, New York.
WHO (2003). World Health Organization Guidelines for drinking water quality. Health Criteria and Other Information, Geneva.
WHO (2009). Handbook on Indoor Radon: A Public Health Perspective. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee. Geneva
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
FUDMA Journal of Sciences