INFLUENCE OF MIX PROPORTION ON WORKABILITY OF LATERIZED CONCRETE
Abstract
The increase in infrastructural development in the tropic has led to high demand for concrete production. Consequently, its constituents became very scarce and costly, especially the naturally occurring constituents. Laterite as an abundant naturally occurring material in the tropics is only put in use as filling material or in road construction. This study presents the determination of influence of nominal mix proportion (1:2:4, 1:1.5:3 and 1:1:2) at a constant water cement ratio of 0.5 with laterite fully replacing sand (fine aggregate). 72 numbers of cubes of size 100 mm were prepared for the different concretes, while 12 numbers were cast for each mix proportion and cured in the curing tank at 3, 7, 14, 28 days. Though the laterite was found to be a normal weight aggregate, it was also identified as A – 7 – 6, medium plastic clayey and porous material, with a specific gravity of 2.59. For the fresh concrete, the slump value and degree of workability were obtained using the Vee-bee consistometer and slump tests in both laterite and conventional concrete in all the three mix proportions (1:2:4 : 0.5, 1 : 1.5 : 3 : 0.5, 1 : 1 : 2 : 0.5). The Vee bee second for the mix proportions (1:2:4 , 1:1.5:3 and 1:1:2 ) are 13:18 , 09:44 and 6.0 for the conventional concrete while 14:47 , 12: 41 and 9:30 for Laterized concrete.
References
Abhijith Sanjeev, J. Arum Raj , G.T. Ananth and S.M Leela Bharathi (2017). Dissection on the Compressive strength of concrete by Replacing sand with laterite soil and M-sand. Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 373-384.
Adepegba, D. (1975). A comparative study of normal concrete with concrete which contained laterite instead of sand. Building science, 10(2), 135-141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-3628(75)90029-8
Adepegba, D. (1977). Structural strength of short, axially loaded columns of reinforced, laterized concrete. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 5(2), 134-140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE10674J
ASTM C127. (2015). Standard Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM C128. (2015). Standard Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Fine Aggregate, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA
Awoyera, P., Akinmusuru, J., Dawson, A., Ndambuki, J., and Thom, N. (2018). Microstructural characteristics, porosity and strength development in ceramic-laterized concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites, 86, 224-237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.11.017
BS 1377 (2022). Methods of testing soils for civil engineering purposes – classification tests and determination of geotechnical properties. British Standard Institution.
BS 1881 (2021). Testing Concrete – Methods for analysis of hardened concrete. British Standard Institution.
BS 812-103-1 (2016). Testing aggregates Part 1: Methods for determination of particle size and shape. British Standard Institute.
BS 812-103-2 (2016). Testing aggregates Part 2: Methods for determination of particle size distribution. British Standard Institute.
BS EN 1008 (2021). Mixing Water for Concrete - Specification for Sampling, Testing and Assessing the Suitability of Water, Including Water Recovered from Processes in the Concrete Industry, as Mixing Water for Concrete. British Standard Institution.
BS EN 1097-2 (2020). Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates: Methods for the determination of resistance to fragmentation. British Standard Institute.
BS EN 1097-3 (2020). Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates: Determination of loose bulk density and voids. British Standard Institute.
BS EN 1097-6 (2020). Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates: Determination of particle density and water absorption. British Standard Institute.
BS EN 196-3 (2016). Methods of testing cements: determination of setting times and soundness. British Standard Institute.
BS EN 197-1 (2019). Cement composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements. British Standard Institute.
Busch, P., Kendall, A., Murphy, C. W., and Miller, S. A. (2022). Literature review on policies to mitigate GHG emissions for cement and concrete. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 182(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106278
Kaze, C. R., Tome, S., Lecomte-Nana, G. L., Adesina, A., Essaedi, H., Das, S. K., . . . Melo, U. C. (2021). Development of alkali-activated composites from calcined iron-rich laterite soil. Materialia, 15(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2021.101032
Kaze, C., Kamseu, E., Camacho, P. S., Provis, J. L., Duttine, M., Wattiaux, A., and Melo, U. C. (2021). Mechanical and physical properties of inorganic polymer cement made of iron-rich laterite and lateritic clay: a comparative study. Cement and Concrete Research, 140(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106320
Metekong, J. V. S., Kaze, C. R., Deutou, J. G., Venyite, P., Nana, A., Kamseu, E., . . . Tatietse, T. T. (2021). Evaluation of performances of volcanic-ash-laterite based blended geopolymer concretes: mechanical properties and durability. Journal of Building Engineering, 34(1) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101935
Musbau, K. D., Kolawole, J. T., Babafemi, A. J., and Olalusi, O. B. (2021). Comparative performance of limestone calcined clay and limestone calcined laterite blended cement concrete. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 4(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2021.100264
Samuel.O.F., & Opeyemi A. O, (2019). Workability, Compressive strength and initial surface absorption of laterized concrete. Journal of Material and Engineering Structures 455-463.
Sangeetha, P., Shanmugapriya, M., Saravanan, K. S., Prabhakaran, P., and Shashankar, V. (2021). Mechanical properties of concrete with seashell waste as partial replacement of cement and aggregate. Materials Today: Proceedings. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.501
Shetty M.S, & Jain A.K, (2019). Concrete Technology ( Eight ed.) New Delhi S Chand and Company limited
Yaragal, S. C., Gowda, S. B., & Rajasekaran, C. (2019). Characterization and performance of processed lateritic fine aggregates in cement mortars and concretes. Construction and Building Materials, 200, 10-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.072
Copyright (c) 2023 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
