SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF FRUITS EXTRACTS OF Balanites aeqyptiaca AND Adansonia digitata ON LIPIDERMIC PARAMETERS OF DIABETICS ALBINO RAT
Abstract
Lipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, particularly in people with diabetes mellitus. High plasma triglyceride concentration, low HDL cholesterol concentration, and elevated concentration of tiny dense LDL cholesterol particles are some of its distinguishing features. Fruits from Balanites aeqyptiaca and Adansonia digitata have the ability to decrease blood pressure. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the combined effects of the two fruits on the lipidemia of alloxan-induced albino rats. Utilizing the glucose dehydrogenase method, glucometer accu-check was used for the evaluation of blood glucose levels. Investigations were also conducted on alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats to measure total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL). According to the results, B. aegyptiaca and A. digitata fruit extracts significantly reduced the lipid profiles of the treated groups when used at concentrations of 80:20, 160:40, and 240:60 mg/Kg body weight, respectively. While the lipid profiles were significantly reduced in groups that received treatment at dosages of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight. However, the groups treated with the highest doses of the extracts demonstrated the most significant effects on the levels of triglycerides (47mg/dl), HDL (79mg/dl), and LDL (40mg/dl). The fruits have shown cumulative effects on their potential to lower the lipid profile of diabetic rats, validating their folkloric usage in the management of cardiovascular illnesses.
References
Adanson P.M (2007). [Description of a new genre called Baobab tree, found in Senegal] Hist Academy Roy Science (Paris), 1791 pp. 218-243
Akah P.A, Njoku O, Nwanguma A, Akunyili D (2004). Effect of aqueous leaf extract of vernomia amylalina one blood glucose and triglyceride levels of alloxan – induced diabetic rats. Animals research international 1:90-94 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ari.v1i2.40748
Arnold, S. V., Bhatt, D. L., Barsness, G. W., Beatty, A. L., Deedwania, P. C., Inzucchi, S. E., ... & American Heart Association Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health and Council on Clinical Cardiology. (2020). Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 141(19), e779-e806. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000766
Ansari M.M, Ahmad J, Ali M. (2006). Methyl-n-heptacosane and diglucosyldirhamnoside from the stem bark of Balanites aegyptiaca Delile. Indian Journal Chem. 45b:2154–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.200651201
Araya Y.N., (2007). Contribution of trees for oral hygiene in East Africa. Ethnobotanical Leaflets. ;11:38–44.
Barley S. Breyer J.M, Brandwijk M.G, (2013). The Medicinal and poisonous plants of Southern and Eastern Africa. London: Livingstone Ltd; p. 1064.
Beentje H.J (2004). National Museums of Kenya. Kenya trees, shrubs, and lianas;Nairobi p. 378.
Bosch C.H, K Sié, B.A., Asafa B.A (2004) Adansonia digitata L GJH Grubben, OA Denton (Eds.), PROTA 2: Vegetables/Légumes. [CD-Rom], PROTA, Wageningen
Braca, A., Sinisgalli, C., De Leo, M., Muscatello, B., Cioni, P. L., Milella, L., ... & Sanogo, R. (2018). Phytochemical profile, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Adansonia digitata L.(Baobab) from Mali, as a source of health-promoting compounds. Molecules, 23(12), 3104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123104
Brendler T, Gruenwald J, Jaenicke C (2003). Herbal remedies. [CD-ROM], Medpharm GmbH Scientific Publishers, Stuttgart
Chadare F.J. (2010), Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) foods from Benin: composition, processing and quality, Wageningen University, Wageningen:p.90-105
DEORA, G., & SHEKHAWAT, M. K. (2019). ETHNOBOTANICAL, PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF ADANSONIA DIGITATA LINN.(BAOBAB)-A REVIEW. Journal of Phytological Research, 32.
Doughari J.M, Pukuma M.S, De N (2007). Antibacterial effects of Balanites aegyptiaca L. Del. and Moringa oleifera Lam. on Salmonella typhi. African Journal Biotechnol. ;6:2212–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2007.000-2346
Dwivedi A, Joshi V, Barpete PK, Akhtar A.K, Kaur A, Kumar S (2009). Anthelmintic activity of root bark of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. Ethnobotanical Leaflets. ;13:564–7.
Gad S, Devi S, rajeswariv (2006). Pharmacological activities of balanites aegyptiaca (L). A perspective review. International journal of pharmaceutical science review research; 22 (1) 117 – 120
Gaur K, Nema R.K, Kori M.L, Sharma C.S, Singh V (2008). Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Balanites aegyptiaca in experimental animal models. International Journal Green Pharma. 2008;2:214–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-8258.44735
Gebauer J, El-Siddig K, Ebert G (2002). Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.): a review on a multipurpose tree with promising future in Sudan Gartenbauwissenschaft, 67 (2002), pp. 155-160
Ginsberg H.N, Goldberg I.J (2001). Disorder of intermediary metabolism (disorders of lipoprotein metabolism) In principles of internal medicine. 15th edition 15-77
Giorgio R. Francesco P, Rodalto P, Duilio P (2009). Therapeutic selectivity and risk benefit assessment of hypolepidemic drugs. Raven press: New York. 4-101
Gnoula C, Guissou P, Duez P, Frederich M, Dubois J (2007). Nematocidal compounds from the seeds of Balanites aegyptiaca isolation and structure elucidation. International Journal Pharmacology. ;3:280–4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2007.280.284
Gordon D.J, Rifkind B.M (20). Treating high blood cholesterol in older patient. Academy of management journal cardiol; 63:48-52 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(89)90116-1
Hajat C, Tilling K, stewart J.A, Lemic stojcevic N (2004). Ethnic differences in risk factors for ischemic stroke; 35(7): 1562 – 1567. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000131903.04708.b8
Hall J.B, Waljer D.H (2011). School of Agricultural and Forest Science. Banger: University of Wales; Balanites aegyptiaca Del. A monograph; pp. 1–12.
Hammouda M, Ismail S.I, Abdel-Azim N.S, Shams K.A (2005). A Guide to Medicinal Plants in North Africa, IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature):51.
Hostettmann K, Schaller F (2000). Antimicrobial diterpenes. United States patent No 5929124.
Ismail, B. B., Pu, Y., Guo, M., Ma, X., & Liu, D. (2019). LC-MS/QTOF identification of phytochemicals and the effects of solvents on phenolic constituents and antioxidant activity of baobab (Adansonia digitata) fruit pulp. Food Chemistry, 277, 279-288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.056
Jaiprakash B, Aland R, Karadi R.V, Savadi R.V, Hukkeri V.I (2003). Hepatoprotective activity of fruit pulp of Balanites aegyptiaca. Indian Drugs.;40:296–7.
Kannel W.B, Castelli W.P, Gordon T, Mc Namora, P.M, (2012). Serum cholesterol, lipoprotein and the risk of coronary heart disease. Annual international medicine; 74: 1-12
Kannel W.B, Castelli W.P, Gordon T, Mc Namora, P.M, (2012). Serum cholesterol, lipoprotein and the risk of coronary heart disease. Annual international medicine; 74: 1-12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-1-1
Khalid H.S, Elkamali H.H, Atta Elmanan A.M (2010). Trade of sudanese natural medicinal and their role in human and wildlife health care.
Khan F.M(2009). Ethno-veterinary medicinal usage of flora of greater cholistan desert (Pakistan) Pak Vet J. ;29:75–80.
Khare C.P (2007). Indian medicinal plants. An illustrated dictionary. Springer. 7:77–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70638-2
Kirtikar B.D, Basu B.D (2008). International Book Distributors; Indian Medicinal Plants; pp. 1823–4.
Koko W.S, Abdalla H.S, Galal M, Khalid H.S (2005).. Evaluation of oral therapy on mansomal schistosomiasis using single dose of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits and praziquantel. Fitoterapia ;76:30–4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2004.08.003
Li, Y. H., Ueng, K. C., Jeng, J. S., Charng, M. J., Lin, T. H., Chien, K. L., ... & Yeh, H. I. (2017). 2017 Taiwan lipid guidelines for high risk patients. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 116(4), 217-248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2016.11.013
Malabadi, R. B., Kolkar, P., Meti, T., & Chalannavar, K. (2021). The iconic Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.): Herbal medicine for controlling coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (Covid-19). International Journal of Innovation Scientific Research and Review, 3(8), 1635-1647. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51244/IJRSI.2021.8407
Modiba E, Osifo P, Rutto H (2014). Biodiesel production from baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) seed kernel oil and its fuel properties Ind Crops Prod, 59 (2014), pp. 50-54 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.04.044
Mohamed A.M, Wolf W, Well S (2002). Physical, morphological and chemical characteristics, oil recovery and fatty acid composition of Balanites aegyptiaca Kernels. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 57:179–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015237612018
Nelson, R. H. (2013). Hyperlipidemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, 40(1), 195-211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2012.11.003
Ndoye M (2004), Reproductive biology in Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., a semi-arid forest tree. African Journal Biotechnol. 3:40–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2004.000-2007
Obidah W, Nadro M.S, Tiyafo G.O, Wurochekke A.U (2009). Toxicity of crude Balanites aegyptiaca seed oil in rats. Journal Am Sci.;5:13–6.
Ojo O.O, Nadro M.S, Tella I.O (2006). Protection of rats by extracts of some common Nigerian trees against acetaminophen-inducedhepatotoxicity. African Journal Biotechnol. 5:755–60.
Okrainec K, Banerjee D.K, Einsenberg M.J (2004). Coronary artery disease in the developing world journal clinical epidemiology; 148(1): 7-15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2003.11.027
Osman M.A (2004). Chemical and nutrient analysis of baobab (Adansonia digitata) fruit and seed protein solubility Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 59 (1), pp. 29-33 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-004-0034-1
Pandey C.N., Gujarat N (2005).Gujarat Ecological Education and Research Foundation; Medicinal plants of Gujarat:Indian; p. 387.
Rahul, J., Jain, M. K., Singh, S. P., Kamal, R. K., Naz, A., Gupta, A. K., & Mrityunjay, S. K. (2015). Adansonia digitata L.(baobab): a review of traditional information and taxonomic description. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(1), 79-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(15)30174-X
Saharan V, Yadav R.C, Wiesman Z (2008). Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile: A potential source of saponin. Curr Biotica. 2:110–3.
Salim A.S, A.J Simons, C Orwa, J Chege, B Owuor (2012). A Mutua Adansonia digitata. Agroforestree database a tree species reference and selection guide, International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, Nairobi
Schmidt L , Jøker D (2001). Danida Forest Seed Centre, Seed Leaflet. No.21
Seida A.A, Kinghorn G.A, Cordell G.A (2013). Isolation of bergapten and marmesin from Balanites aegyptiaca. Plant Medica. ;43:92–3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-971481
Shalaby M.A, Moghazy F.M, Shalaby H.A, Nasr S.M. (2010). Effect of methanolic extract of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits on enteral and parenteral stages of Trichinella spiralis in rats. Parasitol Res. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-1827-9
Sharma, S. B., Nasir A, Prablu, K.M, Murthy P.S (2003). Hypoglycemic and hypolipdemic effect of ethanolic extract of kernels Eugenia jamolona in alloxan – induced diabetic rats. Journal of ethnopharmcology biology: 3: 26-29 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00366-5
Siddiqui, A. J., Danciu, C., Ashraf, S. A., Moin, A., Singh, R., Alreshidi, M., ... & Adnan, M. (2020). Plants-derived biomolecules as potent antiviral phytomedicines: new insights on ethnobotanical evidences against coronaviruses. Plants, 9(9), 1244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091244
Sidibé M, Scheuring J.F, Tembely D, Sidibé M.M, Hofman P, Frigg M. (2006.) Baobab-homegrown vitamin C for Africa Agroforestry Today, 8 (2), pp. 13-15
Sidibe M, Williams J.T (2002) Baobab. Adansonia digitata L, International Centre for Underutilised Crops University of Southampton, Southampton
Smelt A.H., (2010). Triglycerides and gallstone formation. Annual global health; 411 : 31 – 1625. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2010.08.003
Srikanth, S., & Deedwania, P. (2016). Management of dyslipidemia in patients with hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Current hypertension reports, 18, 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-016-0683-0
Stamler J, daviglus M.L, Garside D.B, Dyer A.R, Greenland P, Neaton J.D (2000). Relationship of baseline serum cholesterol levels in 3 large clohort of younger men to long – term coronary cardiovas cular, and all – cause mortality and to longevity. 284(3) : 311 – 318 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.284.3.311
Szekudelski O.O (2001). “Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes” Diabetes research and clinical practice, Vol 87, No.1 pp 4 - 14 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.007
Taur D.J, RY Patil (2011). Some medicinal plants with anti-asthmatic potential: a current status Asian Pac Journal Trop Biomed, 1, pp. 413-418 Article Download PDFView Record in Scopus DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60091-9
Verma R.K (2014). An ethnobotanical study of plants used for the treatment of livestock diseases in Tikamgarh District of Bundelkhand, Central India Asian Pac Journal Tropical Biomed, 4 (Suppl 1) pp. S460-S467 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12980/APJTB.4.2014C1067
Wani N.S, Kabade J.B, Kabade M.V, Joshi S.M, Patil A.D (2010). Diuretic activity of leaves of Balanites Roxburghii Linn.
Whelton, S. P., Al Rifai, M., Marshall, C. H., Dardari, Z., Shaw, L. J., Al-Mallah, M. H., ... & Blaha, M. J. (2020). Coronary artery calcium and the age-specific competing risk of cardiovascular versus cancer mortality: the coronary artery calcium consortium. The American journal of medicine, 133(10), e575-e583. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.02.034
Wickens G.E (2008). The baobab: Africa's upside-down tree Kew Bull, 37, pp. 173-209 CrossRefView DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4109961
Yazzie D, VanderJagt D.J, Pastuszyn A, Okolo A, Glew R.H (2012). The amino acid and mineral content of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) leaves Journal Food Compost Anal, 7 pp. 189-193 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jfca.1994.1018
Yusuf S, hawken S, ounpuu S, dans T (2007).Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries the inter heart study), the lancet; 364 (9438): 937-952. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17018-9
Copyright (c) 2023 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
