DIVERSITY OF MICROBES IN SOIL AGGREGATE FRACTIONS UNDER DIFFERENT LAND-USE IN NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA, NIGERIA

  • Halima Mohammed Lawal Department of Soil Science, Ahmadu Bello University,Zaria.
  • U. M. Salifu
  • I. Y. Amapu
  • H. I. Atta
Keywords: Soil aggregate fractions, microbes, land-use, diversity and population

Abstract

Microorganisms play vital role in keeping soil healthy. Bacteria, Fungi and Actinobacteria are active in degrading soil organic matter which improves soil ecosystem functioning. There exists a dearth of information on the influence of land-use on diversity of microbes in different soil aggregate sizes in Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. This study assessed the diversity of soil microbes under six different land-use practices namely forest, fallow, pasture legume, pasture cereal, date palm plantation and continuous cultivated. In each land-use soil samples were collected at two depths (0-5 cm and 5-20 cm). The soil samples were divided into two parts, one part was left as collected from the field sites (bulk soil) and the other part was separated into three aggregate fractions (>250 µm, >53 µm and <53 µm). Bacteria, Fungi and Actinobacteria were cultured, isolated and identified, and some soil chemical properties were determined. Colony forming units per gram of soil (CFU/g soil) was computed for the soil microbes. Results revealed that Bacteria is the predominant soil microbe followed by Actinobacteria and then Fungi in all the land-uses. Bacteria population ranged from 1.49x107to 8.65x107CFU/g soil, Actinobacteria population ranged from 9.32x105 to 5.85x106 CFU/g soil and Fungi population ranged between 6.75x104 and 4.21x105 CFU/g soil. Higher microbial population were observed in forest soil than soils of the other land-uses. Continuously cultivated land had the least microbial population. Silt + clay soil fraction had significantly higher bacteria while the bulk soil was significantly richer in fungal population.

References

Aislabie, J. and Deslippe, J.R. (2013). Soil Microbes and their Contribution to Soil Services. In Dymond, J.R. (ed.) Ecosystem services in New Zealand conditions and trends. Pp 1-19.

Alguacil, M.M., Lumini, E. and Roldan, A. (2008). The impact of tillage practices on arbuscularmycorrhizal fungal diversity in subtropical crops. Ecol Appl 18:527–536

Anasuya, P., Sameer, K.S., Kumar, S.T., Yugal, K.M., Jayanta, K.P., Sethi, B.K. (2016). Isolation and Identification of Actinomycetes from Mangrove Soil and Extraction of Secondary Metabolites for Antibacterial Activity. British Biotechnology Journal, 12 (2):1-3. ISSN: 2231-2927.

Asma, A.B., Shamsul, H., Rouf, A.B. (2017). Actinomycetes Benefaction Role in Soil and Plant Health. Microbial pathogenesis, 111: 458-467

Ausec, L., Kraigher, B. and Mandic-Mulec, I. (2009). Differences in the activity and bacterial

community structure of drained grasslandand forest peat soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 41: 1874–1881, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.06.010

Borie, F., Rubio, R. and Morales, A. (2008). Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Soil Aggregation. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 8 (2):9-18

Bremner, J.M. and Mulvaney, C.S. 1982. Nitrogen-total. In Page et al (eds) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2.

Eilers, K.G., Lauber, C.L., Knight, R., Fierer, N. (2010). Shifts in Bacterial Community Structure Associated with Inputs of Low Molecular Weight Carbon Compounds to soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 42: 896–903.

Elliot, E.T. (1986). Aggregate Structure and Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in Native and Cultivated Soils. Soil Science Society American Journal. 50:627-633

Eneje, R.C., and Eke, C.N (2012). Effects of Land Use on Soil Carbon and Selected Structural Indices. Nigerian Journal of Soil and Environmental. Research. 10:101-108.

FAO. (2010). Data Sets on Land Use, Land Use Change, Agricultural and Forestry and their Applicability for National Green House Gas Report.

Fierer, N., Bradford, M.A., Jackson, R.B. (2007). Towards an ecological classification of soil bacteria. Ecology, 88:1354-1364.

Henry, D.F. (1990). Fundamentals of Soil Science. Textbook. Michigan State University.

Hoorman, J.J. (2011a). The Role of Soil Bacteria. Fact sheet Agriculture and Natural resources. The Ohio State University extension. SAG-13-11 Pp 1-4.

Hoorman, J.J. (2011b). The Role of Soil Fungus. Fact sheets Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ohio State University Extension. SAG-14-11. Pp 1-6.

Hoorman, J.J. and Islam, R. (2010). Understanding Soil Microbes and Nutrient Recycling. Fact Sheet Agriculture and Natural Resources. The Ohio State University Extension SAG-16-10.

Jean, L.C. (2015). Importance of Microorganisms for Soil Aggregation. In book: Microorganisms in Soil: Role in Genesis and Functions, Pp 107-119.

Joshi, S.R., Purabi, S., Khedarani, K. (2009). Characterization of Microbial Indicators to Assess the Health of Degraded Soil in Cherrapunjee, India-Highest Rainfall Area of the World. International Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry. 5(4):397-391

Lauber, C.L., Strickland, M.S., Bradford, M.A., Fierer, N. (2008). The Influence of Soil Properties on the Structure of Bacterial and Fungal Communities Across Land-use Types. 40: 2407–2415.

Mclean, E.O. (1982). Soil pH and lime requirement. In: Page, A.L. (ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part II, 2nd ed., America Society of Agronomy Monograph No. 9. Madison, WI, pp. 199–224. Doi:10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c12

Nelson, D.W. and L.E. Sommers (1982). Total Carbon, Organic Carbon and Organic Matter. In: AL. Page et al. (ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, 2nd edition. Agronomy Monogram, 9:539-577.

Nidhi, S., Sarethy, I.P., Gupta, B., Gupta, S., Michael, K.D. (2019). Analyzing Functional Microbial Diversity: An Overview of Techniques-Microbial Diversity in the Genomic Era. Elsevier. Pp 79-102. ISBN:978-0-12-814849-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814849-5.00006-x.

Pulleman. M.M., Bouma, E.A., Van, E., Meijles, E.W. (1999). Soil Organic Matter Content as a Function of Different Land Use History. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 64 (2): 689-693.

Rhodes, J.D. (1982). Cation Exchange Capacity, In: Page, A.L and Miller R.H. (ed.). Method of Soil Analysis 2. Second edition. Agronomy Monogram. p. 149-157. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.

Silva, D.M., Luís, R.B., Elisângela F.R., Maria, H.P., Fungar Daniele, S., Eduardo, A. (2011). Identification of Fungi of the Genus Aspergillus Section Nigri Using Polyphasic Taxonomy. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 42: 761-773ISSN 1517-8382.

Six, J., Frey, S.D. and Thiet, R.K. (2006). Bacterial and fungal contributions to carbon sequestration in agroecosystems. Soil Science Society American Journal. 70:555–569.

Xu, D.B., Ye, W.W., Han, Y., Deng, Z.X., Hong, K. (2014). Natural Products from Mangrove actinomycetes. Mar drugs. 12 (15): 2590-2613.

Published
2020-07-03
How to Cite
LawalH. M., SalifuU. M., AmapuI. Y., & AttaH. I. (2020). DIVERSITY OF MICROBES IN SOIL AGGREGATE FRACTIONS UNDER DIFFERENT LAND-USE IN NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA, NIGERIA. FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 4(2), 510 - 518. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0402-192