INCIDENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES OF CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) FROM RIVER NASARAWA, NIGERIA
Abstract
Parasites attack fish causing destruction of skin and gill epithelium and injury to tissues or organs in the process of burrowing or consuming food. The gastrointestinal parasites of Clarias gariepinu (Catfish) from River Nasarawa were investigated in this study. Two hundred (200) samples of Clarias gariepinus of different sizes and sexes were obtained fresh and brought to Zoology laboratory, Nasarawa State University, Keffi for intestinal parasites examination. The fish were dissected through the abdomen by making a longitudinal slit on the ventral surface from the point of pectoral fins to the anus using a blade. The gastrointestinal tract was sectioned into oesophagus, stomach and intestine. The contents of various parts of the gastrointestinal tract were examined for parasites using floatation and sedimentation methods. Sixty (60) out of 200, that is 30% fish samples examined were found to be infected with parasites. A total of 74 parasites were isolated from different parts of gastrointestinal tract belonging to five (5) species. 3(3.33%) parasites of Proamallanus spp were isolated from oesophagus, 45(60.00%) parasites of Hexamita spp, 10(13.33%) parasites of Protoopalina spp and 12(18.34%) parasites of Microsporidian spp were isolated from stomach while 4(5.00%) parasites of D. latum were isolated from the intestine. Parasitic infection presents a potential threat to the health of fish and as a result of this, an understanding of the intestinal parasites of fish in the wild is important in order to find ways of avoiding mortality and disease.
References
Abbas, F., Ashraf, M., Hafeez-Ur-Rehman, M., Iqbal, K.J., Abbas, S. and Javid, A. (2014). Lernaea susceptibility, infestation and its treatment in indigenous major and exotic Chinese carps under polyculture system.PakistanJournal of Zoology, 46: 1215 - 1222.
Akinsanya, B., Hassan, A. A. and Otunbanjo O. A. (2007). A comparative study of the parasitic helminth fauna of Gymnarchus niloticus (Gymnarchidae) and Heterotis niloticus (Osteoglossidae) from Lekki Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 10 (3): 427 – 432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2007.427.432
Akinsanya, B., Hassan, A. A. and Adeogun A. O. (2008). Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of the fish Synodontis clarias (Sluriformes: Mochokidae) from Lekki Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. Revised Biology Tropic. International Journal of Tropical Biology, 56(4): 2021 – 2026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v56i4.5776
Ashade, O.O., Osinoye, O.M., Kumoye,E.A. (2013). Isolation, identification and prevalence of parasites in Oreochromis nilocticus from three selected River systems. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 8(1):115-121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/jfas.2013.115.121
Avenant, O. A. (2002). Protocol for the assessment of fish health based on the health index report and manual for training of field workers to the rand water board. Report no. 2001/03/03/13.BIOM. GEN. (H1) Rand Water, Vereeniging.
Banyigyi, A. H., Akpanva, Y. R., Makpo, J. K. and Ameh, S. M. (2020). Gills and intestinal parasites of elephant snout fish Mormyrus rume (Valenciennes, 1847) at Uke River, Karu Local Government Area, Nassarawa State, Nigeria. Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference of FISON held at Raw Material Research Development, Abuja on 15th – 19th November, 2020. ISSN: 1117-3149. 71 – 75.
Banyigyi, H.A., Ameh, S.M. and Obaje, I.A. (2022). Gills and Intestinal Parasites of Cichlids in Uke River, Karu Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Nigerian Research Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences p ISSN: 2635-3342; e ISSN: 2635-3350 7 (2) 447-451.
Bichi, A. H. and Ibrahim, A. A. (2009). A survey of ecto and intestinal parasites of Tilapia zilli (Gervais) in Tiga Lake, Kano, Northern Nigeria. Bayero Joumal of Pure and Applied Science, 2(1), pp. 79-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v2i1.58472
Bichi, A. H. and Yelwa, S. I. (2010). Incidence of piscine parasites on the gill and gastrointestinal tract of Clarias gariepinus (Teugels) at Bagauda fish farm, Kano. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 3(1): 104-107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v3i1.58732
Ekanem, A.P., Eyo, V.O., Sampson, A.F. (2011). Parasite of landed fish from Great Kwa River, Calabar. Cross River. Nigeria International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 3(12): 225-230.
Emere, M. C. and Egbe, N. E. L. (2006). Protozoan parasites of Synodontis clarias (A freshwater fish) in River Kaduna. Biological and Environmental Sciences Journal of Tropics, 3(3): 58 -64.
Imam, T.S. and Dewu, R.A. (2010). Survey of piscine ecto and intestinal parasites of Clarias spp sold at Galadima road fish market, Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Bioscience Research communications, 22(4): 209 - 214.
Kawe, S. M, Godspower, R. O,Balarabe, M. R, and Akaniru, R. I. (2016). Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites of Clarias gariepinus in Abuja, Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 14(2): 26 33 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v14i2.4
Kayis, S., Ozcelep, T., Capkin, E., Altinok, I. (2009). Protozoan and metazoan parasites of cultured fish in Turkey and their applied treatments. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture — Bamidgeh, 61(2):93–102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46989/001c.20550
Khalil, L. F and Polling, L, (1997). Checklist of the Helminth Parasites of African Freshwater Fishes. Limpopo, South Africa: University of North
Lagrue, C., Kelly D.W., Hicks, A., Poulin, R. (2011). Factors influencing infection patternsof trophically transmitted parasites among a fish community: host diet, host– parasite compatibility or both? Fish Biol 79:466–485. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03041.x
Mohammed, A. E H. H. (1999). Trichodiniasis in farmed fresh water Tilapia in Eastern Saudi Arabia. Journal of KAU: Marine Science, 10: 157 – 168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4197/mar.10-1.11
Ogbu, U. M., Okorafor, U. P., Unigwe, C. R, Odah, S. I. (2019). Prevalence of Common Protozoan Parasites of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell,1822) From Three Selected Fish Ponds in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 13(12): 26 - 30.
Olofintoye, L. K. (2006). Parasite fauna in some fresh water fish species in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 1(4), pp. 359-362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2006.359.362
Olurin, K., James, O., Abimbola, A., Raheem, A., John, A., Kafilat, O. and Oluwatosin, O. (2012). Helminths parasites of Saratherodon galillaeus and Tilapia zilli (Pisces: Cichlidae) from River Oshum, South-West, Nigeria. International Journal of Aquatic sciences. 3(2), pp. 49-55
Omeji, S., Solomon, S. G., Idoga, E. S. (2011). A Comparative Study of the Common Protozoan Parasites of Clarias gariepinus from the Wild and Cultured Environment sin Benue State, Nigeria. Journal of Parasitology Research. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/916489
Omeji, S., Tiamiyu, L. O., Annune, P. A. and Solomon, S. G. (2014). Ecto and intestinal parasites of Malapterurus electricus from Upper Benue River, Journal of Global Biosciences, 3(6): 895 – 903.
Omeji, S., Obande, R. A. and Member, S. T. (2015). Prevalence of endoparasites of Synodontis ocellifer (Upsidedown Catfish) from Lower River Benue, Nigeria. International Journal of Animal Biology, 5: 176 – 181.
Omoniye, T. I. and Ojelade, O. C. (2017). Parasites of the Cichlid fishes in water reservoir of Federal university of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural science and Environment, 17(2), 20 – 27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v17i2.1831
Omotayo Fagbuaro, Folasade, A. Ola-Oladimeji, Olugbemi, V. Ekundare, Charles, O. Adeboye, and Oluwadare Akinyemi (2019). Length – Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Clarias gariepinus from Igbokoda, Ondo State, Nigeria. Journal of Zoology Research, ISSN: 2637 – 5575 3(2). 15 – 18.
Piasecki, W., Goodwin, A.E., Eiras, J.C. And Nowak, B.F. (2004). Importance of copepoda in freshwater aquaculture. Zoological Studies 43: 193-205.
Pouder, B. Deborah, Eric, W. Curtis and Roy, P. E Yanong (2005). Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictoral Guide: Motile Ciliates 1. University of Florida DOI: https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fa108-2005
Roberts, R. J (2001). Fish pathology. Philadelphia, PA, USA: WB Saunder
Salawu, M. T, Morenikeji, O. A, Sowumi, A. A and Olaibi, A. B (2013). Comparative survey of helminthes parasites of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) and Clarias pachynema (Boulenger, 1903) from the Ogun River and Asejire dam in South West, Nigeria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture Research 8(4): 1 – 7.
Solomon, J. R, Olawole, O. G and Ekprikpi, P. C (2012). The Prevalence of Ecto and Endo Parasites in Some Freshwater Fishes from Jabi Lake, Abuja, FCT. Direct Research Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science. ISSN: 2734 – 2166 Vol. 6 (2) 15 - 26
Uruku M.N and Adikwu I.A. (2017). Seasonal prevalence of parasites of Clariids fishes from the lower Benue River, Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of fisheries and Aquaculture, 5(2): 11-19.
Copyright (c) 2023 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
