HEURISTIC GATEWAY PLACEMENT FOR MINIMAL TRANSMISSION POWER & COLLISION PROBABILITY IN AN INTERNET OF THINGS LOW POWER WIDE AREA NETWORK (HGPMTPIoT-LPWAN)
Abstract
A variety of long-range (LoRa), low-power, and low bit-rate wireless network technologies have been made possible by the Internet of Things' (IoT) rapid growth. As a radio technology for the implementation of numerous Internet of Things applications, the LoRa low-power wide area network (LPWAN) has gained prominence. LoRa is frequently used in conjunction with the Long-Range Wide Area Network Media Access Control (LoRaWAN MAC) protocol and functions in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) bands, which are unlicensed. As a result of receiving a wide variety of different message sizes from diverse applications, LoRa networks experience scalability issues when the number of end nodes connected to one network is more than the shared number of channels. This results in collisions and packet loss. In this paper, heuristic gateway placement for minimal transmission power & collision probability in an internet of things low power wide area network (HGPMTPIOT-LPWAN) is proposed to increase network efficiency, and improve overall performance by measuring collision probability, which in turn can help to reduce the need for retransmissions and packet drop rate. The things network simulator is used to measure the collisions and packet drop rate. An improved performance for HGPMTPIOT as against the efficient graph-based gateway placement (EGBGP) for large-scale LoRaWAN deployments is achieved for packet drop rate by 6%. Likewise, the simulation results show improvements in terms of decreasing the collision probability for 20 to 60 nodes by 20%.
References
Ande, R., Adebisi, B., Hammoudeh, M., &Saleem, J. (2020). Internet of Things: Evolution and Technologies from a Security Perspective. Sustainable Cities and Society. doi:10.1016/j.scs.2019.101728. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101728
Ben, B., Joarder, K., Gour, K. & Syed, I. (2020). Low-Power Wide-Area Networks: Design Goals, Architecture, Suitability to Use Cases and Research Challenges, Received December 21, 2019, accepted January 13, 2020, date of publication January 20, 2020, date of current version January 28, 2020. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2968057, IEEE Access
Boursianis, A. D., Papadopoulou, M. S., Diamantoulakis, P., Liopa-Tsakalidi, A., Barouchas, P., Salahas, G., Goudos, S. K. (2020). Internet of Things (IoT) and Agricultural Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in Smart Farming: A Comprehensive Review, Internet of Things, 100187. doi:10.1016/j.iot.2020.100187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2020.100187
Dhaval, P. (2018). Low-Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) Overview. Retrieved August 15, 2020, from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/215605947.pdf
De-Souza Sant Ana, J. M., Hoeller, A. S., Souza, R. D., Montejo-Sanchez, S., Alves, H., & De Noronha Neto, M. (2020). Hybrid Coded Replication in LoRa Networks. DOI 10.1109/TII.2020.2966120, IEEE. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2020.2966120
Gadre, A. (2020). PhD Forum Abstract: Low-Power Wide-Area Networks: Connect, Sense and Secure. 2020 19th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN). doi:10.1109/ipsn48710.2020.00009, url to share this paper: sci-hub.se/10.1109/IPSN48710.2020.00009, 978-1-7281-5497-8/20, DOI 10.1109/IPSN48710.2020.00009, IEEE DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IPSN48710.2020.00009
Grochla, K., & Polys, K. (2020). Heuristic algorithm for gateway location selection in large scale Lora Networks. 2020 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC). https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc48107.2020.9148435 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IWCMC48107.2020.9148435
Hoeller, A., Sant’Ana, J., Markkula, J., Mikhaylov, K., Souza, R., & Alves, H. (2020). Beyond 5G Low-Power Wide-Area Networks: A LoRaWAN Suitability Study. 2020 2nd 6G Wireless Summit (6G SUMMIT). doi:10.1109/6gsummit49458.2020.9083800, IEEE DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/6GSUMMIT49458.2020.9083800
Loh, F., Mehling, N., Geisler, S., & Hosfeld, T. (2022). Graph-based gateway placement for better performance in Lorawan deployments. 2022 20th Mediterranean Communication and Computer Networking Conference (MedComNet). https://doi.org/10.1109/medcomnet55087.2022.9810404. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MedComNet55087.2022.9810404
Loh, F., Mehling, N., Geißler, S., & Hoßfeld, T. (2023). Efficient graph-based gateway placement for large-scale Lorawan deployments. Computer Communications, 204, 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2023.03.015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2023.03.015
Mnguni, S., Mudali, P., Abu-Mahfouz, A., & Adigun, M. (2021). Impact of the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and Network Throughput in Gateway Placement LoRaWAN Networks. Southern Africa Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (SATNAC). 128(3), 2335-2350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-022-09029-9
Rajab, H., Tibor, C. &Taoufik, B. (2020).IoT scheduling for higher throughput and lower transmission power, Wireless Networks, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-020-02307-1, Springer DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-020-02307-1
Sorensen, A., Wang, H., Remy, M. J., Kjettrup, N., Sorensen, R. B., Nielsen, J. J., Popovski, P., & Madueno, G. C. (2022). Modeling and experimental validation for battery lifetime estimation in NB-IOT and LTE-M. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 9(12), 9804–9819. https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2022.3152173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2022.3152173
Tongyang, X. & Izzat, D. (2020). Non-Orthogonal Narrowband Internet of Things: A Design for Saving Bandwidth and Doubling the Number of Connected Devices, Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/JIOT.2018.2825098, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, VOL. 5, NO. 3, June 2018, IEEE. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2018.2825098
Weber, D., Schilling, C., & Wisselink, F. (2019). Low power wide area networks: The game changer for the internet of things. Management for Professionals, 175–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77724-5_15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77724-5_15
Copyright (c) 2023 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
