AMELIORATIVE POTENTIAL OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF ANNONA CHERIMOLA IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by a relative or absolute lack of insulin secretion or insulin inaction. The study investigated the effect of Annona cherimola leaf extract on the liver and kidney function indices of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. A total of twenty (20) albino rats of both sexes weighing about 100g to 200g were used for the study, while eighteen (18) mice were used for the acute toxicity study. The animals were randomly divided into five (5) groups of four (4) rats each; Group 1 was not induced nor treated (normal control), group 2 was induced but not treated (untreated control), group 3 was induced and treated with 100 mg/kg b.w. of metformin (standard control), and groups 4 and 5 were induced and treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. of the extract respectively. The induction of diabetes was achieved by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg b.w.). The oral administration (treatment) was done once per day using gavages for fifteen (15) days, and the blood glucose level was checked every three (3) days. The result indicated the extract possessed significant (p < 0.05) antidiabetic effect on groups 4 and 5 compared to the untreated group. A significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TAG) was also observed in groups 4 and 5 compared to the untreated group. In conclusion, this research showed that the ethanol leaf extract of Annona cherimolapossess a potent ameliorative effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
References
Abell, L. L., Levey, B. B., Brodie, B. B. and Kendall, F. E. (1952). Extraction of cholesterol. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 195(1): 357-363. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50907-3
Albers, J. J., Warmick, G. R. and Cheng, M. C. (1978). Determination of highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Lipids, 13: 926-932. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02533852
Albuquerque, T. G., Santos, F., Sanches-Silva, A., Oliveira, M. B., Bento, A. C. and Costa, H. S. (2016). Nutritional and phytochemical composition of Annona cherimola Mill. fruits and by-products: Potential health benefits. Food Chemistry, 193: 187-195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.044
Altan, V. M. (2003). The pharmacology of diabetic complications. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 10: 1317-1327. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867033457287
Ahmed, A. M. (2002). History of diabetes mellitus. Saudi Med. J, 23: 373-378.
Anand, P., Murali, Y.K. and Tandon, V. (2008). Insulinotropic effect of Brassica nigra improves glucose homeostasis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes, 117(6): 251-256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1080917
Anaya-Esparza, L. M., Ramírez-Marez, M. V., Montalvo-González, E. and Sánchez-Burgos, J. A. (2017). Cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.). Fruit, Vegetation, Phytochemicals and Chemistry. Human Health, 1: 993-1002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119158042.ch48
Arunjyothi, B., Venkatesh, K., Chakrapani, P. and Anupalli, R. R. (2011). Phytochemical and Pharmacological potential of Annona cherimola-A Review. International Journal of Phytomedicine, 3: 439.
Arunjyothi, B., Venkatesh, K., Chakrapani, P. S. B. and Anupalli, R. R. (2012). Phytochemical and Pharmacological potential of Annona cherimola-A Review. International Journal of Phytomedicine, 3: 439-447.
Boye, A., Acheampong, D. O. and Gyamerah, E. O. (2020). “Glucose lowering and pancreato-protective effects of Abrusprecatorius (L.) leaf extract in normoglycemic and STZ/nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 258: 112918. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.112918
Calzada, F., Correa-Basurto, J., Barbosa, E., Mendez-Luna, D. and Yépez-Mulia, L. (2017). Antiprotozoal constituents from Annona cherimola Miller, a Plant Used in Mexican Traditional Medicine for the Treatment of Diarrhea and Dysentery. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 13: 148-152.
Choosongsang, P., Bodhikul, A., Musigavon, P., Pocathikorn, A., Prasongsab, T., Musaw, A. and Nubtueboon, P. (2011). Modified Jendrassik-Grof Method for Measurement of Direct Bilirubin: An Improvement of In-House Method. Songklanagarind Medical Journal, 29(1):19-26.
Danaei, G., Finucane, M. M., Lu, Y., Singh, G. M., Cowan, M. J. and Paciorek, C. J. (2011). National, regional, and global trends in fasting plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 370 country-years and 2.7 million participants. Lancet, 378: 31–40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60679-X
Díaz-de-Cerio, E., Aguilera-Saez, L. M., Gómez-Caravaca, A. M., Verardo, V., Fernández-Gutiérrez, A., Fernández, I. and Arráez-Román, D. (2018). Characterization of bioactive compounds of Annona cherimola L. leaves using a combined approach based on HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS and NMR. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 410: 3607-3619. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1051-5
Friedewald, W. T., Levy, R. I. and Fredricson, D. S. (1972). Estimation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Journal of Clinical Chemistry, 18: 499-502. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499
Gowda, S., Desai, P. B., Hull, V. V., Math, A. A., Vernekar, S. N. and Kulkarni, S. S. (2009). A review on laboratory liver function tests. Pan African Medical Journal, 3:17.
Harborne, J. B. (1973). Textbook of Phytochemical Methods: a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. Chapman and Hall Ltd., London. Pp. 49-188.
Iacopetta, D., Fazio, A., Torre, L. C., Barbarossa, A., Ceramella, J., Francomano, F.,Saturnino, C., El-Kashef, H., Alcaro, S. and Sinicropi, S. M. (2022). Annona cherimola Mill. Leaf Extracts Affect Melanoma Cells Growth and Progression. Foods, 11(2420): 1-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11162420
Ji, H. F., Li, X. J. and Zhang, H. Y. (2009). Natural products and drug discovery. EMBO Reports, 10(3): 194-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/embor.2009.12
Jung, M., Park, M., Lee, H. C., Kang, Y., Kang, E. S. and Kim, S. K. (2006). Antidiabetic agents from medicinal plants. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 13: 1203-1218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/092986706776360860
Kang, N. J., Shin, S. H., Lee, H. J. and Lee, K. W. (2011). “Polyphenols as small molecular inhibitors of signalling cascades in carcinogenesis.” Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 130(3): 310-324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.02.004
Kazumi, T., Yoshino, G., Fujii, S. and Baba, S. (1978). Tumorigenic action of streptozotocin on the pancrease and kidney in male wistar rats. Cancer Research, 38: 2144-2147.
Kennedy, G. L., Ferenz, R. L. J. and Burgess, B. A. (1986). Estimation of acute toxicity in rats by determination of the approximate lethal dose rather than LD50. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 6: 145-148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.2550060302
Khaleel, N.,Saif, A., Anusha, S. Shaik, H.S. (2015). Effect of streptozotocin on glucose levels in Albino wister rats. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Research, 7(2): 67-69.
Kumar, V. and Gill, K. D. (2018). Estimation of Urea in Serum and Urine. Basic Concepts in Clinical Biochemistry: A Practical Guide. Singapore: Springer Singapore, pp. 67–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8186-6_16
Lorke, D. (1983). A new approach to practical acute toxicity testing. Archives of Toxicology, 53: 275-287. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01234480
Mannino, G., Gentile, C., Porcu, A., Agliassa, C., Caradonna, F. and Bertea, M. C. (2020). Chemical Profile and Biological Activity of Cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) and Atemoya (Annona atemoya) Leaves. Molecules, 25(2612): 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112612
Nayyar, A. S., Khan, M., Vijayalakshmi, K. R., Suman, B., Gayitri, H. C. and Anitha, M. (2012). Serum total protein, albumin and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP)--implications in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Malaysian Journal of Pathology, 34(1): 47-52.
Quílez, A. M., Fernández-Arche, M. A., García-Giménez, M. D. and De la Puerta, R. (2018). Potential therapeutic applications of the genus Annona: Local and traditional uses and pharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 225: 244-270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.06.014
Rehman, K. and Akash, M. S. H. (2017). “Mechanism of generation of oxidative stress and pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus: how are they interlinked?” Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 118(11): 3577-3585. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.26097
Roden, M. and Shulman, I. G. (2019). The integrative biology of type 2 diabetes. Nature, 576: 51-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1797-8
Shemishere, U. B., Anyebe, D. A., Bashir, A. Y., Emmanuel, J., Ifie, J. and Yahaya, T. (2020). Phytochemical screening and free radical scavenging activities of methanol leaf and flower extract of Securidaca longipedunculata. FUDMA Journal of Sciences, 4(1): 37-42.
Skyler, J. S., Bakris, G. L. and Bonifacio, E. (2017). “Differentiation of diabetes by pathophysiology, natural history, and prognosis,” Diabetes, 66(2): 241–255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/db16-0806
Syal, K., Srinivasan, A. and Banerjee, D. (2013). Streptomycin interference in Jaffe reaction—possible false positive creatinine estimation in excessive dose exposure. Clinical Biochemistry, 46(1–2): 177-179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.10.031
Copyright (c) 2023 FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
