EFFECT OF CHANGES IN SOIL CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY ON THE RECLAMATION OF LEAD BY ELEUSINE INDICA (L.) GAERTN
Keywords:
Soil cation exchange capacity, Reclamation, Lead, Eleusine indicaAbstract
Contamination of soil by various heavy metals such as lead poses a serious environmental problem. Lead (Pb) is one of the harmful and frequently encountered heavy metals that is uptake by plants. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) is one of the important factors influencing metal uptake and accumulation. Rate of this uptake causes a number of toxic symptoms in plants. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of changes in CEC on accumulation of lead by Eleusine indica. Seven soil CEC ratios were obtained by mixing clay (C) and humus (H) soils (C, 90C:10H, 75C:25H, 50C:50H, 25C:75H, 10C:90H, H) in two replicates. The soil was polluted with 675.2mg/kg of Pb and Eleusine plants were transplanted into the 5kg soil. Results showed that CEC of the soils influenced the accumulation of Pb in the root of test plant. Highest CEC (0.710 meq/L) was obtained in the H soil with highest Pb root uptake (29.5mg/kg), while the lowest CEC (0.210 meq/L) was obtained in C soil with low Pb root uptake (12.5mg/kg). The CEC was observed to increase with addition of H ratio. Significant reduction (P<0.05) in plant height, leaf length and leaf area were recorded in the C soils polluted with Pb. Furthermore, 5 additional tillers were observed in plants sown in Pb-polluted H soils. However, no additional tillers were obtained in the Pb-polluted C soils. This may suggest that Eleusine plant flourish more and accumulate higher Pb in H rich soils. This approach can be employed to improve remediation
References
Abaje, I. B. (2016). Assessment of Rural Communities’ Perceptions, Vulnerability and Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Geography, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Abaje, I.B. & Giwa, P.N. (2007) Urban Flooding and Environmental Safety: A Case Study of Kafanchan Town in Kaduna State. A Paper Presented at the Golden Jubilee (50th Anniversary) and 49th Annual Conference of the Association of Nigerian Geographers (ANG) Scheduled for 15th – 19th October, 2007 at the Department of Geography, University of Abuja, Gwagwalada-Abuja.
Abaje, I.B., Sawa, B.A. & Ati, O.F. (2014) Climate Variability and Change, Impacts and Adaptation Strategies in Dutsin-Ma Local Government Area of Katsina State, Nigeria. Journal of Geography and Geology, 6 (2), 103-112.
Adebayo, A. A., & Oruonye, E. D. (2013). An assessment of climate change in Taraba State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Tropical Geography, 4(2), 602-612.
Ballantyne, A. P., Alden, C. B., Miller, J. B., Tans, P. P. And White, J. W. C. (2012) Increase in observed net carbon dioxide uptake by land and oceans during the past 50 years. Nature, 488, 70-72.
Blunden, J. & Arndt, D. S. (2013) State of the Climate in 2012. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 94, 1-258.
Crowley, T. J. (2000) Causes of climate change over the past 1000 years. Science, 289(5477), 270-277.
Hazo, A. I., Sawa, B. A. and Mamman, M., (2019) Assessment of climate change awareness and risk perception among rural people in Funtua local government Area, Katsina State, Nigeria. International of trend in scientific research and development, 3 (2) 29-37
Hulme, M., Doherty, R., Ngara, T., New, M., Lister, D. (2001) African climate change: 1900–2100. Climatological Resources, 17, 145–168
Jan, S. & Anja, B. (2007) Indigenous Peoples and Climate Change. University of Oxford and Missouri Botanical Garden.
Kaufmann, R. K., Kauppi, H., & Stock, J. H. (2006) Emissions, concentrations, & temperature: a time series analysis. Climatic Change, 77(3-4), 249-278.
Loáiciga, H. A. (2003) Climate change and ground water. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 93(1), 30-41.
Loulergue, L., Schilt, A., Spahni, R., Masson-Delmotte, V., Blunier, T., Lemieux, B., Barnola, J., Raynaud, D., Stocker, T. and Chappellaz, J. (2008) Orbital and millennial-scale features of atmospheric CH4 over the past 800,000 years. Nature, 453(7193), 383-386.
Maiwada, A. S. (2017) People's Response to Climatic Variability Awareness and Observed changes in Three Selected Population Densities of Katsina Urban Area, Nigeria. International Journal of Science and research, 6(6), 1566-1572.
National Population Commission (2006) Population Distribution by Age and Sex. State and Local Government Area; Priority Table Volume IV.
Pearman, G. I., Etheridge, D., De Silva, F., & Fraser, P. J. (1986) Evidence of changing concentrations of atmospheric CO2, N2O and CH4 from air bubbles in Antarctic ice. Nature, 320, 248 – 250.
Petit, J. R., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., Barkov, N. I., Barnola, J. M., Basile, I., ... & Stievenard, M. (1999) Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica. Nature, 399(6735), 429-436
Rehan, R., & Nehdi, M. (2005) Carbon dioxide emissions and climate change: policy implications for the cement industry. Environmental Science & Policy, 8(2), 105-114.
Ruddiman, W. F. (2003) The Anthropogenic greenhouse era began thousands of years ago. Climatic change, 61(3), 261-293.
Ruma, M. M. and Sheikh, A. U. (2010) Reuse of wastewater in urban farming and urban planning implications in Katsina metropolis, Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 4(1), 28-33.
Tripati, A. K., Roberts, C. D., and Eagle, R. A. (2009) Coupling of CO2 and ice sheet stability over major climate transitions of the last 20 million years. Science 326, 1394-1397.
Tunde, A. M., Adeleke, E. A., & Adeniyi, E. E. (2013) Impact of Climate Variability on Human Health in Ilorin, Nigeria. Environment and Natural Resources Research, 3(1), 127.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
FUDMA Journal of Sciences
