ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITIES OF SUPERNATANT OF FERMENTED MAIZE (OMIDUN) AGAINST SELECTED ENTEROVIRUSES
Keywords:
Omidun, Human Enterovirus and AntiviralAbstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are of enormous public health significance being the etiological agents of an array of clinical conditions, local fermented product may confer protection in the gastrointestinal tract against EVs. Omidun (supernatant of fermented maize) has been traditionally used to reduce the frequency of stooling during diarrheal episodes. However, there is no information on the antiviral activities of Omidun on EVs and the scientific proof of the traditional claims. This study, therefore, investigates the antiviral potentials of Omidun against EVs. The antiviral activity of Omidun was determined against Echovirus 7 (E7), E13 and E19 in a pre- and post-treatment approach. The antiviral effect was determined by cytopathic effect and cell viability using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromidefor. (MTT) assay. Omidun had high percentage inhibition for E7 and E19 with 83.5% and 77.9% respectively, in pre-treatment, and 78.2% and 77.5% respectively, in post-treatment. Minimal effects were observed for E13; 12.2% and 24.2% in pre- and post-treatment, respectively. Generally, antiviral activity for pre-treatment was better than post-treatment. Omidun was shown to have the potential to inhibit the replication of selected EVs. Thus, supporting the traditional claims of its therapeutic effect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of antiviral activities of Omidun.
References
AbdelSalam, M. G., Liegeuis, J. P., and Stern, R. J., (2002) Review: The Saharien Metacraton, Journal of African Services, p 119-135.
Abubakar, Y. I. (2012) An Integrated Technique in Delineating Structures: A Case study of Kushaka Schist Belt, Northwest Nigeria. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, Vol. 2, No. pp. 10.
Ajibade, A. C. and Wright, J. B. (1989) The Togo-Benin-Nigeria Shield: Evidence of Crustal Aggregation in the Pan-African Belt. Tectonophysics, 165:125-129.
Ajibade, A. C., Rahman, M. A., and Woakes, M. (1987) Proterozoic Crustal Development in the Pan- African Regime of Nigeria. Copyright on American Geographical Union.
Bury, K. (2012) Rapport de mission de Terrain dans le Sud Maradi (CRGM) p 8-17.
Caby, R. (1987) Pan-African Belt of West Africa from the Sahara Desert to the Gulf of Benin. In J. P. Schaer and J. Rodgers (eds) Anatomy of Mountain Ranges, Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ, pp. 129-170.
Caby, R., Sial, A. N., Arthaud, M. H., Vouchez, A. (1991) Crustal Evolution and the Brasiliano Orogeny in Northeast Brazil. In: Dalimeyer R. D. and Lecorche, J. P. (eds) The West African Orogens and Circum-Atlantic Correlatives. Springer, Berlin 373-397.
Danbatta, U. (1999). The Geotectonic Evolution of the Kazaure Schist Belt in the Precambrian Basement of NW Nigeria. An Unpublished PhD Thesis Geology Dept. Ahmadu Bello University Zaria.
Daniel, C. (2004) Rapport de mission de Terrain dans le Sud Maradi (CRGM) p 35-63.
DRH/Maradi (2013) Fiches Techniques de tous les forages de la Commune Rurale da Dan Issa de 1982 a 2013, Fiches Excel.
Ferre, E., Deleris, J., Bouchez, J. L., Lar, A. U. Peucat, J. I. (1996) Pan-African Reactivation of Contrasted Eburnean and Archean Provinces in Nigeria: Structural and Isotopic Data. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 153, 719-728.
Grant, N. K., Heikman, M., Burkholder, F. R., Powel, J. I. (1972) Kibaran Metamorphic Belt in the Pan-African Dormain of West Africa. Nature (Physical Sciences) 238, 90-91.
Konate, M. (1996) Evolution Tectono-sedimentaire du Bassin Paleozouque de Kandi (Nord Benin, Sud Niger) These de Doctorat, Univeriste de Bourgogne, 301p.
Mc Curry, P. (1976) General Review of Geology of Precambrian to Lower Paleozoic Rocks of Northern Nigeria. A Review In: Kogbe, C. A. (eds), Geology of Nigeria, Elizabeth Pub. Co. Ibadan, pp15-38.
Mignon, R. (1970) Etude Geologique et Prospection du Damagaram Mounio et Sud Maradi, p 46-51 et 54.
PRDSM (2005) Projet de geophysique aeroportee dans le secteur Sud Maradi, 55p.
Soumalia, A. and Konate, M. (2005) Characterization de la Deformation dans In Ceinture Birimiene (paleoproterozouque) de Diagorou-Darbani (Liptako-Nigerien, Afrique de l’Ouest) Africa Geoscience Review, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 161-178.
Talaat, M., Ramadan, A. Mohammed, F. and Abdel, F. (2010) Characterization of Gold Mineralization in Garin Hawal Area, Kebbi State, Northwestern Nigeria using Remote Sensing.
Turner, D. C. (1983) Upper Proterozoic Schist Belt in the Nigerian Sector of the Pan-African Province of West Africa. Precambrian Res. 21: 55-79.
Wright, J. B., Hastings, D. A., Jones, W. B. and Williams, H. R. (1985) Geology and Mineral Resources of West Africa. Published by George Allen, & Unwin (Publishers) Limited, 10, Museum Street London, WC1A, 1LU, UK.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
FUDMA Journal of Sciences