THE NEXUS OF WATER, ENVIRONMENT AND WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DILEMMA IN THE KANO: IN SEARCH OF A NEW GAME THEORY APPROACH
Keywords:
Game Theory, Water Resource, Water Management, Water Crisis, GovernanceAbstract
The demands for water is astronomically increasing due to population growth and diminishing opportunities to economically develop water supplies in Kano. In spite of the various plans to supply adequate potable water to the Kano Region, yet water is increasingly becoming difficult to get. The rapid increase in population coupled with uncertain climate may perhaps be the cause of the setbacks. The use of water, both surface and ground which is not easily renewable has adverse effect on the environment. The water crises in Kano is intensifying with no solution in sight. The critical options must actually resort to either due to scarce water resources, failure of governments to inadequate plan for safe water delivery system. Kano in terms of water resource crises is in like the prisoner’s dilemma as water, a common good for all, is no longer obtainable on sustainable basis. This paper attempt to look at the scenario as a dilemma for all nexus (environment, water, people and sustainability) of which a new approach needs to be encapsulated in solving the problem. Such approach is the Game theory
References
Anwar R.K., Misiran M.I., Khan M.I., Alharbi S.O., Thounthong P. and Nisar K. S. (2019): Numerical solution of Casson nanofluid flow over a nonlinear inclined surface with soret and dufour effects by Keller-box method. Journal of Frontier Physics, https://dx.doi:10.3389/fphy.2019.00139
Anwar T., Kumam P., and Watthayu W. (2021): Unsteady mhd natural convection flow of Casson fluid incorporating thermal radiative flux and heat injection/suction mechanism under variable wall conditions. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 4275. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83691-2
Arthur E.M., Seini I.Y. and Bortteir L.B. (2015): Analysis of casson fluid flow over a vertical porous surface with chemical reaction in the presence of magnetic field. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 3(6), https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2015.36085
Blair, G. W. S. (1959). An equation for the flow of blood, plasma and serum through glass capillaries. Nature, 183, 613–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/183613a0
Choi S.U.S. and Eastman J.A. (1995): Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, San Francisco, 12–17
Dawar A., Shah Z., Islam S., Idress M. and Khan W. (2018): Magnetohydrodynamic CNTs Casson nanofluid and radiative heat transfer in a rotating channel. Int. Journal Phys. Res Appl., 1, 017-032. https://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpra.1001002
Faraz F., Haider S. and Imran S.M. (2019): Study of magnetohydrodynamics impacts on an axisymmetric Casson nanofluid flow and heat transfer over unsteady radially stretching sheet. SN Applied Sciences, 2(14). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1785-5
Gbadeyan J.A., Titiloye E.O., and Adeosun A.T. (2020): Effect of variable thermal conductivity and viscosity on Casson nanofluid flow with convective heating and velocity slip. Heliyon, 6(1), e03076.
Hayat T. and Nadeem S. (2017): Heat transfer enhancement with Ag–CuO/water hybrid nanofluid. Results in Physics, 7, 2317–2324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2017.06.034
Hussain T., Shehzad S.A., Alsaedi A., Hayat T., Ramzan M., (2015): Flow of Casson nanofluid with viscous dissipation and convective conditions: a mathematical model. Journal of Central South University, 22, 1132-1140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-015-2625-4
Khan H., Ali F., Khan N., Khan I. and Mohamed A. (2022): Electromagnetic flow of Casson nanofluid over a vertical Riga plate with ramped wall conditions. Front. Phys., 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2022.1005447
Kigio J.K., Mutuku, N.W., and Oke S.A. (2021): Analysis of volume fraction and convective heat transfer on mhd Casson nanofluid over a vertical plate. Fluid Mechanics, 7(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fm.20210701.11
Koriko O.K., Oreyeni T., and Oyem O.A. (2018): On the analysis of variable thermophysical properties of thermophoretic viscoelastic fluid flow past a vertical surface with nth order of chemical reaction. OALib, 05(6), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1104271
Meng G., Chen G., Tan Z., and Wang Z. (2022): Fluid flow and heat transfer of carbon nanotubes- or graphene nano platelets-based nanofluids in a channel with micro-cylinders: an experimental study. Heat and Mass Transfer, 58(12), 2221–2234.
Muthukumar S., Sureshkumar S., El-Sapa S., and Chamkha A.J. (2022): Impacts of uniform and sinusoidal heating in a nanofluid saturated porous chamber influenced by the thermal radiation and the magnetic field. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 1–19.
Mutuku W.N. and Oyem A.O. (2021): Casson fluid of a stagnation-point flow (spf) towards a vertical shrinking/stretching sheet. FUDMA Journal of Sciences, 5(1), 16-26. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0501-xxx
Oke A.S., Mutuku W.N., Kimathi M., and Animasaun, I.L. (2020): Insight into the dynamics of non-Newtonian Casson fluid over a rotating non-uniform surface subject to Coriolis force. Nonlinear Engineering, 9(1), 398–411. https://doi.org/10.1515/nleng-2020-0025
Okello J.A., Oyem A.O., and Mutuku W.N. (2021): Examination of Engin oil-based (MWCNTs-TiO_2, MWCNTs-Al_2 O_3, MWCNTs-Cu) hybrid nanofluids for optimal nanolubricant. IOSR Journal of Mathematics, 17(2), 24-38. https://doi.org/10.9790/5728-1702012438
Oyem O.A., (2015): Effects of thermophysical properties on free convective heat and mass transfer flow over a vertical plate. PhD thesis (unpublished), Department of Mathematical Science, FUTA. Nigeria.
Pramanik S. (2014): Casson fluid flow and heat transfer past an exponentially porous stretching surface in presence of thermal radiation. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 5(1):205–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2013.05.003
Qin Y., Shang L., Zhou L., Zhu J., Yuan S., Zang, C., Ao D., and Li Z. (2022): Application of nanofluids in rapid methane hydrate formation. A Review Energy Fuels, 36(16), 8995–9013.
ShanthaSheela J., Gururaj A. D. M., Ismail M. and Dhanasekar, S (2021). Review on magnetohydrodynamic flow of nanofluids past a vertical plate under the influence of thermal radiation. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 850 012037, https://dx.doi:10.1088/1755-1315/850/1/012037
Sivashanmugam (2012). Application of nanofluids in heat transfer. Open Science. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/52496
Swarnalathamma B.V. (2018): Heat and mass transfer on mhd flow of nanofluid with thermal slip effects. Int. Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 13(18), 13705 – 13726
Ullah I., Khan I. and Shafie S. (2016): Mhd natural convection flow of Casson nanofluid over nonlinearly stretching sheet through porous medium with chemical reaction and thermal radiation. Nanoscale Research Letters, 11:527. https://dx.doi.10.1186/s11671-016-1745-6
Vijayaragavan R. and Kavitha M.A. (2017): Chemical reacting radiative Casson fluid flow over a vertical plate in the presence of heat source/sink and aligned magnetic field. Chemical Process Engineering Research, 49, 14-31
Yun-Xiang Li, Israr Ur Rehman M., Wen-Hua Huang, Ijaz Khan M., Sami Ullah Khan, and Ronnason Chinram, Kadry S., (2022): Dynamics of casson nanoparticles with non-uniform heat source/sink: a numerical analysis. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 13(1), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2021.05.010
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
FUDMA Journal of Sciences