Barka, S. . J.; James, C. . S.; Sani, S. . B.; Garba, A.; Daniel, A. L.; Umar, T. . I.; Sammy, S.; Sammy, S. THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC, CULTURAL, AND INFRASTRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS OF OPEN DEFECATION IN MALAM INNA, JAURO KUNA, AND TUDUN WADA IN GOMBE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA (LGA), GOMBE STATE. FJS 2026, 10 (7), 170-175. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1007-4982.