CREATION FOR A CADASTRAL INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR GONIN GORA LAYOUT IN CHIKUN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA.

This study was carried out to determine the geographic information system (GIS) as a tool to examine spatial patterns of Gonin Gora layout in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna state. The study involves acquiring spatial and attribute data of the study area, creating relevant spatial layers containing vital information about the parcel within the area of study, designing an appropriate database using relational database model (RDBM) cadastral information system and demonstrating the usability of the cadastral information system (CIS) that was created by carrying out simple queries. The research procedure also involves data acquisition using Promark 3 GPS instrument, database design and spatial queries using ARCGIS (10.1). Three(3) single criteria queries were generated for parcel earmarked for religion worship, parcel set for educational purposes, parcels for commercial purposes were identified and multi-criteria seven (7) queries were generated. The database was created and it was successfully test run for cadastral information system as effective tool for quick retrieval of information


INTRODUCTION
Storing cadastral data in digital databases is gradually becoming a global phenomenon that many countries and states are adopting in handling the land parcel information for proper, accurate, up-to-date information, quick easy access, data sharing. A cadastre is a comprehensive register of the real property of a country. It commonly includes details of the ownership; the tenure; the precise location (in coordinates), in some cases the dimension (perimeter and area inclusive), the cultivation of rural and the value of the individual parcels of land. Also, turner (2004) defines cadastre as a complete and up to date register or inventory of land parcel in any state of jurisdiction containing information about parcels regarding ownerships, valuation location, area, land use and usually building . GIS with computerized system and hardware is dedicated to manage manipulate geo-reverenced data (partial data e.g. land, parcels, land boundaries, building, utilities). For development and management of cadastral land information system. This is made possible through the documentation, maintenance, updating and publication of land records. Land management in Nigeria was modeled after the British and French system (Okere, 1997). Land records are currently kept in paper files, coordinates registers, title records, conveyance and encumbrances. This collection of land records and information are referred as cadastre. Olaleye (1988) pointed out that these land information and records were principally used for the purpose of taxation and boundary adjudication, so the cadastre became the official word and definition of a register of property containing information on land registration.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Area Description
Gonin Gora layout site is located in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State lies on latitude 10 0 24' 41''n to 10 0 24' 57'' n and longitude 7 0 24' 01''e and on 7 0 24' 55''e .topographic sheet 144 ne Kaduna is centrally located in the northern part of Nigeria bounded in the north by Kano and Katsina States, in the east by Bauchi and Plateau states, in the south by Nasarawa state and federal capital territory, and in the west by Niger and Zamfara states. The system of information collation and retrieval has remained, in most cases, unchanged leading to haphazard development of land resources with serious legal, planning, economic, and environmental impacts. The aim is to acquire spatial and attribute data of the study area. Create relevant spatial layers containing vital information about the parcel within the area of study. Design an appropriate database using relational database model (RDBM) cadastral information system. Demostrate the usability of the cadastral information system (CIS) that was created by carrying out simple queries FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS) ISSN online: 2616-1370ISSN print: 2645-2944Vol. 4 No. 3, September, 2020, pp 554 -562 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020

Research Procedure
Position fixing in three dimensions for this work involves the measurement of distance (or range) to at least four satellites whose x, y and z are known using differential global positioning system (Promark 3) receivers to define geometric data (x, y and z coordinates) of points and features positions on the project site. In this research both spatial and attribute data were acquired from primary and secondary sources, GPS coordinate(x, y, z) and other information obtained directly from the field (reconnaissance survey) of some allotees and ministry of land survey country planning, Kaduna secondary source of data includes existing maps and plans of the areas concerned; coordinates of existing controls, bench marks and trigonometrical stations were obtained from the ministry of lands, survey and country planning, Kaduna. This phase of cartographic design determines the look of the end product. Layers were created; points defining each and every detail were joined by selecting 'polyline' from drawing toolbar taking guide from the recce diagram. The different graphic entities of whose files shares similar domain were grouped together under the same layer and assigned a colour, line type and line weight. Layers were created in AutoCAD 2009 and the drawing was exported to ArcGIS (10.1) environment for analysis and queries were generated. The figure 2 below explains the research methodology.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The spatial analytical capability of GIS makes it to be outstanding among other information systems, some of these spatial analytical capabilities include, overlay operation, buffering, spatial search, topographic operation and connectivity operation. GIS use these spatial analytical capabilities to answer fundamental generic questions about location, condition, trends, routine, pattern and modeling by manipulating and analyzing the input data. The spatial search operation for this project was carried out through query generation to retrieve information stored in the database pertaining to certain systematically defined attributes within the database to answer some spatially related questions. The operation involves the link between the database and the composite plan of the study area. Queries were generated to provide the answers to the application of use of GIS map in managing part of Gonin Gora layout and the results displayed in the form of hardcopy map or stored in a softcopy. The query has intention of involving only one parameter in its query and answer. Here, only one condition is used to design a query so as to retrieve information from database. For the purpose of the studies five criterions were analyzed, likewise multi -criteria were used in this two or more parameters were used. Figure 3 shows the result of the query of the parcel earmarked for Christians and Muslims. Reviewed that only two (2) building parcel. In the entire layout of 125 parcels only two parcels were earmarked for religious worship. This information can help in regulating structures within the scheme and would enable to calculate the distance between houses and places of worship. The location of the places of worship and fire station can also be determined in case of fire outbreak the shortest route will be followed. Nancy and winter (2006), in the places of worship and neighborhood stability, journal of urban affairs, also showed that only limited spaced are reserved for places of worship as discovered by the study.  The query of the parcels that are set aside for commercial purposes as shown on figure 6 below. The result reviewed that 04 of the parcels are set aside for commercial purposes. This means that area reserved for commercial purposes in the layout is too small and shops will then be very small for business in the layout. Commercial lands in most Nigeria cities have extended, encroached and converted adjoining residential land use in a manner totally outside the scope of the established by planning authorities, Abdurrahman Belel Ismaila and Mohammed Abubakar Husain (2015). The figure 8 shows the result of the query of the parcels that areas are greater than 500m 2 but less than 900m 2 two criteria used greater than and less than was used, in cadastral information system enable land managers to calculate ground rent for each parcel and also to know sizes of the various parcels. Babawuru (2010) also attest to the fact that parcels area is important in cadastral information system. The figure 9 shows the result of the query of the parcels that are owned by females and has no certificate of occupancy. This enables the manager of the estate to know owner of the plot by sex and those that do not complete their processes of obtaining certificate of occupancies. At the click of button of set of command the information require is easily obtainable. The figure 10 shows the result of the query of the parcels that are for residential whose areas are greater than 400m 2 and less than 500m 2 , this is another result of multi -criteria using greater and less than to determine the size of parcels it is also used for valuation and other assigned task. Figure 10: Query for Parcel Areas Greater Than 400m 2 but Less Than 500m 2

CREATION FOR A CADASTRAL…
The figure 11 shows the result of the query of the parcels that are owned by males and has no certificate of occupancy, this is also identifications of who owned parcel and indication of either with a certificate or not. This enables the manager to know those without certificate to their properties. The figure 12 shows the result of the query of the parcels that are owned by males and with certificate of occupancy. This enables the manager to even calculate ground rent and make projection of what to expect in a year, as revenue for the state.

CREATION FOR A CADASTRAL…
It also enables the manager to have complete records of those that have certificate of occupancy to their parcel and the purposes for such property. Musa et al (2016) also categories parcels and their records according to the sex of the owners.

CONCLUSION
This study was achieved through the creation of cadastral information system and production of digital map of the study area. The database was created and twenty three (10)  Onyeka, e.c. (2000): development of a national multipurpose cadastre. A paper presented at the seminar/ workshop on functional multi-purpose cadastre for national development organized by nis, enugu state branch, enugu 5 th -6 th september. Turner, t.i. (2004). Reforming land registration practices in nigeria. Www.adamawa.